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About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at |http : //books . google . com/ '^'^' ^^^^^^^i^ 9intiqmm AND TOPOGRAPHICAL CABINET, CONTAINING A 8BRIB8 OF ELEGANT VIEWS OF THE MOST INTERESTING OBJECTS OF CURIOSITY IN Oreat Britaiiu Accompanied with LETTER-PRESS DESCRIPTIONS. VOL. IX. ^t s, S"tc>re ^ LONDON: ^ >, . Published for the Proprieton 'iiy'>^,'Ci^f^XX vfe^ ^nd 'SAxtHttt, J. CABFENTER, Old BondlStpiwt't C'CH^PLD, PaAMairj J. M. RICHARD60I}, Corahilb .and ... 8HEBW00D, NEELY, and iOtff^, P^t/fju^ster^Kow. 1811.^' '.}'..' '"^ ' ''\ Cot, Prkaer, lo, JAuU gmtrr Lmi^ 'JMbi. \ ' 7^ i-' EXCAVATIONS NEAR NOTTINGHAM. *' The Excavations in the park of the duke of New^ castle (which lies contiguous to the castle, seated nobly on the verge of a high precipitous rock, at the western end of the town of Nottingham) are not only the largest of the kind in England, but the most singular for their curious structure and magnificence. They are formed in a low clilF, where the rocky stratum terminates abruptly, and from whose base extend those rich and beautiful meadows through which the river I'rent pursues his winding and rapid course. ** There are no records, or documents of any sort extant, by which the origin of these cavcrned habitations might be ascertained ; nor is there, perhaps, such an assemblage of apartments in any rock in Europe. We cannot hesitate, however, in referring the formation of them to the most ancient times ; and as the whole is left to conjecture, without a violation of probabi- lity, they may be ascribed, in their rudest state, to the aborigines of the island, when, before the invasion by Julius Caesar, they made their habitations amongst rocks and woods ; or in the period of their succeeding invaders, from whose irresistible power the Britons, vanquished and dismayed, might have escaped, and here sought for ihelter in secret caves, surrounded by woods, which, in D EXCAVATIONS KEAR NOTTINGHAM. those times^ might have been to the enemy impervious. In more peaceful days, these rude abodes, which had beea the asybini of terrified fugitives, may have been con- verted to the uses of religion, and occupied by anchorets, or by communities of holy persons, before that period had arrived when the minds of men had become more enlightened, and the intercourse of society, assisted by mutual want, had instructed them to look out for more comfortable habitations, and to raise monasteries. The cell of the hermit was not invariably separated and soli- tary. The persecutions of Pectus and Valerian, we arc told, drove numbers of pious Christians to a life of prayer and abstinence, in wild places, remote from towns ; and it is a fact not to be questioned, that several of the an- cient Eremites, as St. Anthony, &c. though they ab- stracted themselves from general society, and lived re- cluse in deserts, were yet accompanied by other persons^ of similar habits and cast of temper. *' In these Excavations, which constitute a most lingular and grotesque appearance, when viewed in the extent of the whole front of the rock, are to be traced an assemblage of perforations ; among them is a kitchen, hollowed through the sandy stratum to the upper sur- face ; there is likewise the appearance of a dove-cote, witb a great variety of cells, one of which may be considered as having been a chapel : of the nature and local circum- stances of this latter, a fair conception may be obtained from the accompanying Sketches, which, though taken '■'^ M^, ' *^ A.: ■' :ff.^'''^^''^\-j m-^'^ •Vli.' J^X€AVA1TON« K£A& KOTTIHGHAfll. in the year 1788> as nb material dilapidation has since happened, will be now found accurate reJpresentationB. With the exception of the more magnificent structure of Stonehenge, there is none in the kingdom so curious perhaps as this, or more deserving of antiquarian in- spection ; and thus * practised in the living rock/ it is •aid (thou^ the assimilation is probably nothing but the effect of fancy, or of a confused recollection) that it bears a strong resemblance to the chapel formed in the rocks at Bethlehem, and other places in the Holy Land. Like ttiose excavated places of worship, this has pillars hewn out of the solid mass of stone in the ruder style of Gothic architecture, which give their support to a vaulted roof, fashioned also into compartments of a similar cast. On the face of the rock steps are yet visible, which may be inferred to have led to an upper apartment, now mould- ered away ; as, indeed, has been the case with a consi- derable part of this edifice, the joint composition of na- ture and of art. From the appearance which it now makes, there is little to convey to the spectator an idea of its having been the continued abode of man. In the rudest state of society, we find, in a degree accommo- dated to the climate of the country, appropriate conve- niences, and effectual shelter from the inclemencies of the seasons ; but here we see no vestiges either of one or the other — ^there are no cells of retirement, nor rooms of any description which are not exposed to the weather. In the hermitage at Warkworth, in Northumberland, d2 EXCAVATIONS NEAR NOTTINOilAM. and in the sequestered retreats at Wetherel, on tbe rive^ Eden, near Carlisle, we are in admiration at the snug^* ness and comfortable disposition of the several rooms ; and it would therefore be absurd to suppose that princi- ples, which must be acknowledged to be general, and to have been universally adopted by men in similar situa> tions, should not have occurred to the recluses who had excavated for themselves places of abode or of conceal- ment among these rocks at Nottingham. There is ana- logy in most things, and from common usage we are warranted in our determinations on a particular in- stance ; from such reasoning then I cannot hesitate to conclude, that very much of the external part of the * Rock Holes* has, by time, or some other as efficient cause, been removed ; and that what is now seen as the superfices of the rock, was, in former times, the inner walls of rooms in several places. " Thus singular in their nature, and unique in their appearance, it may be considered rather as an odd cir> cumstance, that these Excavations should have been so little described or made known to the world. By the ingenious Dr. Thornton they have been noticed in his Provincial History ; and from the few remarks which he has made on them, it might have been supposed,.that the attention of the curious would have been attracted to further investigation, and to a mor^ minute antiquarian research. In times npt very remote, local tradition (however deficient in other more important recitals) af- i ; , LfK^HY . EXCAVATIONS NEAR NOTTINGHAM. finns, that this retreat was surrounded hy trees, which overshadowing it with their branches, may be supposed to have cast a solemn gloom around the consecrated spot, and to have rendered the scene more fit for solitude and abstracted meditation. The river Leen, in many a play- ful meander, flows round the very skirts of the rock, ex- cluding all access to it ; but where an artificial passage has been formed on the side towards the castle, and by a reflection from its waters of the monuments of the piety and industry of ancient times, gives an embellishment highly pleasing and picturesque to the scenery. ** The stone of this cliff being of a dry, porous, free, sandy nature, was admirably adapted to the uses to which it has been applied ; and in a variety of places, on the eastern skirts of the town, it occurred to my observ- ation, that the suburbian inhabitants had taken a hint from these Excavations, and had formed for themselves, houses, whose walls were of a more ancient date than, those of the tower of Babel, or of the Pyramids 1 " On this aspect in particular there arc hollows in. the rock which, to this day, retain the name of * The Hermitage ;' and in the meadows at Sneinton, where a pleasant pathway leads to Cohvick, the seat of John Musters, esq. there is the most grotesque assemblage of natural and artificial composition — houses upon the cliff and below it ; houses in front of it and within it ; in short, in almost every possible mode that ingenuity could invent, or persevering industry execute. No less whimr SX<;AVATIONft MBAft NOTTHIttllAMk •ical tliaii uncommon is the appearanee wkick such »• intermixture exhibits ; and it adds to a stranger's admi- ration, when, on a stricter survey, he discoTers curiosities of a similar, though more laborious, nature, oonsistiafp of vauHs and cellars, hewn out of tiie rock beneath tW foundations of almost every old house in the town, smne of which are of so great a deptii as to require a hundi«ii steps to conduct the curious explorer to the bottom, where, in one instance at least, at the Blackamore Head inn, he will meet with the additional gratification <^ be» holding a pond of water usually filled witii tench or cacp. '< These cellars (for whose extreme depth 1 can find no sufficient cause) are supposed to have been excavated at a very remote period, whilst over them, during a suc- cession of ages, buildings have fallen to decay, and beea restored in a more modem style of architecture. Frona. ^hem, and a variety of other ' Subterranes,' did the town acquire its s^opellation ; Nottingham being no more, as antiquarians inform us, than a soft contraction of the Saxon word Snottengaham, whose signification is ' Spe- '• luncarum.Domus.' " As one of the Sketches of the Rock Holes, in a very picturesque manner, takes into the view the Castle, I shall close this detail with a cursory account of it. — Standing, as it is here seen to do, on the vei^ of an abrupt and deep precipice, when in its castellated state, it must have exhibited a most romantic, and, on this as- pect, an impregnable appcjurance. 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'MIYHOKIXXON HTSK SNOUYAYaXX '-SJVii |!Ap 9f{% uw{Mi *i saiieqs ioj apeni )t vpvqM. pcre^s lisn^aaga aq^ jo aauanbasuoa nj 'apH 8«J3ini|JO}^ jo 'BuiB^aj Moa naA3 )) qaiqii 'uor|vipd<^^ '^ ''^J pa^^qapm )i - SI t^uappai siq; ox ^paanpoi^ni aq ^qSim 'aSais v jo assa ui 'suoisiAOjd JO uani qaiqM. Xq iCcM Jo *)JodiCip!S te se ansB3 aq^ JO japunoj aq^ Aq papua^ai Xiqcqojid seii puis 'apts uaaq aq^ Aq SAfkopvaoi aq) o^ai panado qaiqi^ 'asisq S}X o% ^iniains aq^ mojj noi^tsaiunminoa te 'sda^s Aq 'Saioijoj puv <3(aoj :^8CA siq:^ jo s(aMoq aq:^ qSnojq> pa^CACoxa *a^8sed 8noaaBJJa:^qn8 te jo OBam aq^ Aq papaya sbm siq) ^nq : jaq^om naanb aqi puv *qaJV|^ jo {Jiea 'jamp ' -Joj^ azias uiajaq-} pins 'a^vj^uad 'jn pjteMpg Saisudja) ^ua aqi pip ssajvoj aq*^ jo jaAaMoq aJi^uaa XjaA aq) of^ui *8aini) Mye m %i nodn apem aiaM ^teq^ aajoj nado jo saora -saxSSe aq) ips puv^sq^iM o) pa]q«na aq o% (3(aoj aq) jo ajn)Ba aiquqoeojddcun aq) sapis om.% uo puc 'sSuipimq ienoi)ippc iCq) sh q)3uaj)8 qans paimbav 'soSiaJ Suipaaaans aq) JO itejaAas 3uunp 'ajn)onj)S qaiq/ii i jojanbuo^ aq) JO nos [CJn)ea v '[aJtaAaj nivifii^ Aq pa)aaja wbml ai)SBa c 'mopSuv^ aq) jo )sanbuoo aq) Ja)j« iC|a)cipaaiui{ )soiii]« joj t suenuoj^ aq) Aq aaaajap }o aa^fd b se ^iqdiq 8sa( pamaa)$a ^ >SH4ii Jp^ *suoxvg )saj^ ai^ jo (p«e vpjaj^ JO s3uiT{ aq) )8aiBdB aSais dnof b ui )no pfaq )i 'sauBQ JO i£poq « JO aaitajap a?9«n)8qo aq) iq ^Jtaiio) b pa)8Boq )i «aqA ira «b i J •^ ' ./^# ;3r BEAUCHIEF ABBEY. DERBVaajRE. The sitnation of Be&acblef Abbey is truly n>maatic; it stands within a short distance of Sheffield, in the midst of a small valley, near the northern boundary of the coairty of D^irbyshire, beautifully diversified with wood and com fields, which range in fine sweeping masses oter the inequalities of the ground. This Abbey was founded by Robert Fitz-Ranulph, lord of Al fret on, between tiie years 1172 and 1176, for regular canons of the Preraonstratensian order, and was dedicated to Thomas k Beclcet and the Virgin Mary. It is supposed by some writers, from its dedication to the former patron, to have been founded in expiation of his murder, but erroneously. Of the history of Beauchief Abbey, from its foundation to the time of the dissolution in the reign of Henry Y III. little is linown : its reve- nues, when surrendered, were estimated, according to Dugdale, at 9^126:3:4. But few remains of this establishment are now exist- ing ; they consist chiefly of a part of the Abbey chapel, and some fragments of the outer walls ; the architecture is light and in the pointed style. The interior of the building does not display any elaborate ornaments> and BEAUCHIEF ABBEY. frum the state of vegetation in and about the ruins, monumental remains or inscriptions are to be traced. • Are there no tics To bind our gratitude to cloisterM cells ? Can we forget the day when Vandal rage Against the Sciences waged brutal war ? When to these seats secure Wisdom retir'd, A friendless outcast, with her learned train. And hid the treasure which had 'scap'd the wreck Of hands barbarian midst these holy walls T' ; -^ • '»- .. r ho .'.• •• '.•.rtt'*» ^i'-'Ti'^^' i • ij- :J'?- •• ■• •?•.«► .-..y: .V.r '• • .''... ■iaftj;{.v'<. »• t.: '',r.v>« {i I, ^ j»i. • . «5 |>Urr of r j% . .I'tld' ssi-i: n: ifcf - />■».•« . • «»•.»'•>.• • • •iq:;...'"f .•.•'» sr.'i'i, h'fit. ":'-.tA.< ,1 ,» .'t... . ^'•■' *•'. * UO.irH'»i.i ??: 'ibc' »i? c?.:cCir«n . ^atr \ .ihi.^O- .»,..• .f * >, . ,r. r::'^i r i-.t V ' C .5-:. j ^-.Vi ^ • • . j-.in;?*'. ' Iv Vt..- •«■ ".t ' v i'f f •-.• -f J ^; j'-'C •*i **eJl£/ \ ;.U .♦foe .'r 'P.vjr ii/K* ;«.» '• ' t V.-.-TB ««• /i Tii*' *'. >«..*• ••J.'.'t'"* .t -M <^ I* »••»' .-,<>. :: . • Ji«t ^-^tTtC ,. i.nprf;;rr".hl« . (h *r?s: 't»id -lA * ■ ••' » *:-. u.ji r ... -1 '._, ft luii'o < r?. Tti8« , i-Tl'.«-. ir « ra'. e» v 'nil t:-. in !•* tn * - ■» W » Viv: li'n»-^«1frnr f . k ., tuij on '.'h' ".».• t ib ' fr". . "d) r . .* i^^ihhJit.H fhc iVak cavff'i : »:u' aorlh Ma- «• lii*- lj-^vj acc»»s^"'^• i v<»i f.'.en here iUc pa*li »s ir.a^i. ui k wiud'j*^ .'•reriioa * \t-* ^ - ^•a*.■.t:.» ' -. r,i{* .'..-{ '-'H >tt •• >. -i-L ''r^' J'M ,, V rcgi.i- ... ' .'• 'T J; •' . n'.-:, ', . .• .*'. ,:.•'** t-> I'l' Ka,'- '^ ihrouKi> ;• -^.taril . :''■ • •:♦ 'nc . I ir hri«^hi/ii' :• .-tlth 5:?0. 7h-'i«vuv jw.i* ,1' i"»- i«nc«' i.« M'f • c.*' * .r"'On:-. ani u r**: Ivl i* .or jii^ii-j ; , '.i • »t.»'< 'trc -'I' i>!oved D* re w. >l«v tn.if: ,. i..'\ M •l t| c Ji^Jit »{a:.* i< boufi tot:ilty e*«»-,'U't?* . '■. * iU.jt . -. tn f. i»'i«*f »\ cn'iM.* be ipadc •''> iM. a . •'•.»?»> ot c*> tf '"t uUitudr. Fioiu «tit» I]» U-i.uU-o 1 1.- . .- »jo more tJ»u«! thiC t.' •, in il»?prt, ^ iis '.♦• .rth is aboat* •'».}«•<. "» /}'c juif^f-naer UJj-..'Me i>'X'i% • ' Jl' »>.*(, At th'- rnd »>f (h»s ipacU'U'* civi-in is »» fr;>- V ARX-DIABOLI, DERBYSHIRE. Arx-Pi ABQLii or^ aa it IB comuionly named, i)\t Deviri Cave, is an immense excavation in the Peak, and one pf the numerous wonders of nature which are to be seen in the bleak and rocky reg.iop8 of the north of Perbyshire^ The entrance to the cave is throiigh a natural arch, forty-twq feet in height and in width 120. The cavity near its en^ trance is very capacious, and affords a residence for man^ families, who are employed here ip the ipaqnfactpry of twine. The roof as we proceed becomes gradually lower* and the light of day b soon totally excluded: all further research must of course b^ made by th^^iglit of ft to|'cb| and in many places in a stooping posture, till a spacious openingpresents itself called the Bell-house, whiph again admits of an erect attitude. From the Bell-house the path leads to a small lake called the First Water ; this is no more than three feet iu depth ; its length is about fourteen yards : here a small boat is stationed, which conveys the passenger under a low vault of rock to the interior of the cavity. From the want of light the extent of this vacuity is not to be seen ; it measures in length 220 feet, and in breadth 200 : ito height, in some parts, is 120 feet. At the end of this spacious cavern is a pas- d2 AKX-DIABOLI. •age, ill irhich is another piece of water i bat Itf depth is iocomiderable, and it may commonly be patted on foot. Near the extremity of thli poisage is a pile of projectim; rocks, which through their inimmerable apertnres are con- tinnally distiHiqg large drops of water. Proceeding, the rocks again open, and present the most wild nod ragged forms I this cavity is called the Chancel — ^here the tra- veller is generally entertained with a most nnexpected in- cident i a number of women and children having climbed a considerable height among the ridges of rock, suddenly commence a vocal concert, the effect of which, reverbe- rating in pleasing echoes from the cavern, is inexpressibly charming. The path from the Chancel leads to the Devil's Cellar, and thence to another cavity, which, from its form, has obtained the name of great Tom of Lincoln. This b near the termination of the passage, which now gradually contracts till it Is almost closed, affording a space just sufficient for the discharge of the water which flows through the cave» %*VT..t/^K UJdU •-...- J. .,. 'r •• I • JV ; . {. • • • • • u .•...• • , n !«'.' Ih '. ! u- • « .■• iv • . • • 'ti •■'. Um • '.. i; ..Ar MATLOCK RIGR TOR, DERBYSIIIRB. The romantic and picturesque scenery of Matlock dale^ throQgb which winds the river Derwent, is universally admired ; bold steeps skirted- with woodyv rising from the banks of the river ;. huge rocks* in paints bare of vegeta-^ tioDf in ethers covered with, luxuriant foliage, here pilei|> upon eaeh other in immense maseesi there displaying their enormous fronts in one unbroken perpendicular body ; tbo river gliding in some places majestically along, in others rolling rapidly over ledges and large masses of stone | tb« scene contioually varying with the windings of the dale,, keep the expectations of the astonished beholder gobt- stantly upon the stretch, until the High Tor, rearing it« awful brow,.bursts upon the sight in e^ttreme magnificence* The height of this stupendous work, of nature is about 35dr feet above the surface of the river : the lower part of the Tor is entirely covered with trees and underwood,, but the upper part for 180 feet is one .unbroken mass of. naked perpendicular rock. After heavy rains, the rapr^ dity of the current which flows at the foot of this rock is greatly increased, and the sublimity of the scenery pro- portionably augmented. On the opposite side of the Derwent, directly facing MATLOCK HIGH TOR. the Hij^b Tor, though oot so considerable in elevalion, is Masson Hill : its summit has been named the **• Heights of Abraham^^* and overlooks the country to a Tasi ex- tent, besides commanding a most interesting view of nearly the wbDleof the dale. The High Tor from this point loses a portion of its sublimity, but this loss is compen- sated by the variety of interesting objects included in the prospect. Not far distant from the High Tor is the village of Matlock, of considerable antiquity, situated principally upon tiie eastern banks of the river. In Doomsday Book Matlock is noted as '* a hamlet of the manor of Metes- ford," the site of which is now unknown. According to the returns made under the late act, this parish contains 492 houses and 8354 inhabitants. Matlock bath is nearly a mile and a half from the village ; and though few situations can be more bcautfiiit, it >\as tiihabited dnly by miners till about the year 1698, when its warm springs began to attract notice for their medicinal qualities ; since which time many other circum- stances have yearly added to the number of its visitants. •V\uoe* ,u V' t..:: r J ..'. \ in- ' ' :i -. ; L^, ( ;> F * ;• ' fr. . . . '*'\a • ' . T III A. '1 rt. ;••'.: -j J ii . ; ,• L-. THE WEST DOOR OF BAKEWELL CHURCH, DERBYSHIRE. Bakewsll, or Bsith-quelle, so catted from its Bath-we]!, is a market-town in Deibyshire, on the western banks of the river Wye. This manor in the time of William the Conqaeror, was the property of the Peveril family, who bestowed part of the tithe which it produced upon the monastery of Lenton, in Nottinghamshire. The remainder of the tithe, with the glebe and^atronage of the churchy was afterwards given to the dean and chapter of Litch^ field, by the earl of Mortaigne, who succeeded to all the ^^states of the Peverik. In the reign of Heniy VII. this manor was held by the Gemons of Essex, by whom being sold, it has since descended to his grace the duke of Rutland, who is the present possessor. The church is situated upon an eminence, and is built in the form of a cross, with an octangular tower. From the tower arises a weU-proportioned spire, which gives a graceful finish to the building. The workmanship of this Church indicates it to be the production of different pe* riods. The western part of the nave is of plain Saxon ar- chitecture ; the west door is likewise Saxon, but richly oroAmented^ especially the outer arch ^ and though the TIIE WB8T DOOS OP BAXEWBIX CHURCH*- whole- k now greatly decayed, nrach stiU remains to ex- cite the attention of the antiquaiy. Immediately above the west door the wall is embattled, and above the em- battlements are the remains of arches ihtersectiiig each other with the sigxag. ornament. The other parts of the west front are plain, and appear, together with the greater part of the church, to be the work of the fifteenth centaiy^ The pillars which support the towes are cei^ tainly older than that period, though not so ancient wi the western part of the nave. There are many curious and ancient monuments within the church : among them is a recumbent figure, arrayed in rich armour, representing sir Thomas Wednesley, who, serving under Henry I\^ was mortally wounded in the battle of Shrewsbury. In the churchyard is a stone cross, the sides of which are ornamented with figures rudely carved. The upper part appears to have represented the crucifixion, but it has been so despoiled that the design cannot precisely be ascertained.. Tl-iZ jsEV'T YOR^ Af TOK, LCN«X ANt TM.DEM FOUNtATlONa DOVB-DALB, nther morethan tiromilet ; but the ^ews are more limited from the sinuosity of its course, and its projecting preci- pices, which in some places seem to fold into each other, and preclude every appearance of further access. On the right, or Derbyshire border, the rocks are more bare of vegetation than on the left or Staffordshire side, where they are partially covered with a fine han^ng wood, which, from its various combinations with the surrounding olgects, presents a succession of beautifully picturesque and ro- mantic views. About a mile from the entrance is a vast mural mass of detached rock, which extends along the edge of the precipice. On the right, nearly half way up the side of the Dale, is a magnificent natural arch, called Aeynard's Hole. Its shape nearly approaches to the sharply pointed Gothic : its height is about forty feet, and its width eighteen." The View annexed is taken near the southern extremity of the Dale. " The same variety of wild and •romantic scenery that distinguishes this part, accompanies •it to its northern termination, where two vast rocks, rising abruptly to the right and left of the river, form the jaws or portals of this wonderful valley, which now drops at once the grand and picturesque ; its bottom gradusiUy widening into an undulating flat, and its rocks sinking into roiud stony hills, with a craggy fragment occasionally peeping out after the chain is discontinued. Near this -extremity of the Dale is another large cavern, called the •Fox Holes; and some others of inferior note may be found in different parts of this interesting chasm." DOVE-DALE, DERSrSMIHE. Dove-dale is a deep and romanisc chasm, tiirou^ whissk the river Dove winds its puiturbed aad devious oounoy Tollingover the solid basements of tremendousrocks, iviiofie nigged, dissimilar, and frequently grotesque and^moiful appearance, distinguishes the seenery of this v«^ey from perhaps every other in the kingdom. Mr. Brayley, in his Beauties of £n^nd and Wales, has gh«|i a very aiip> mated and accurate description of this place. ** Onenteringthe Dale the mind regards itas asequeg^ tered solitude, where Contemplation might take her seat, and extend her musings through the wide range of exist- enoe, nrither interrupted by jarring sounds nor distracted by discordant images. Jks the road proceeds, however, the scenery becomes too romantic and impressive, from its sin- ttt teoaoti. Mr. Howard^, aAerwahb biMoailiiis inkt of Korfblk, loM and roorcjed his third share of the MaMT or lofdship of South WlhKlleld^ and of all )^4ttm»tgtK laudl, dec. within the said Matror'of Qoath^ingMd^ Ahd th« hamlet of Okenhorpey in tbo 8ai«^a)h(^« to Stt*> Ottel tlaltooy Tboitias Platti, and Michael WIlliaiiiBoa,. all or the town and parish of Sooth WInglield. In the year 1689, Mr. Einanoel Halton residHl at Wingfield Manor. He was the eldest sob of Miles Hal- Ion, sheriff of Cumberland In I05S, and was sonte timO a Atndent of Gray's Inn $ bdt afterwards l>eing employed as auditor to Henry duke of Norfolk^ he was» throagb that connection, introduced into Derbyshire, and spent the latter part of bis life, which was devoted to nasic and the mathematies, at this House. In the Apppendix to Foster's Mathematical Miscellanies are some of his piecci. In the year 1676 he obsenred an eclipse of the sun at Wingfield, which was published in the Philosophical Transactions for that year. Wingfield Manor is now In the possession of I'^ingfield Halton, esq. great grabdfton of the aforesaid Emanuel, but it is not inhabited. The Halton family resided here down to the late pos- r!^'Jj>'*' '■'^"X AM l^- » y^K £f,j/. . Xy/riy^f/tMCA/ '///,' /rrr./f^ft^r , Q/jr^Jy^^n^' " ■• '• t- > ^ • ri «» •.. . . .J ] ciM «j- . . • »i^ -' 'h* 'til: .iiv'n»: v»r • hl'.'i •: . ■ :!■* *J. .f ^ i»M ^;:f »' ' jl , ..... V" ': ■. ;.. 1.', ;^.:v .. J.;. ;, .. . , *.! • ■•• •, . ;.•.' r : seMor, wlm eh«se to buM • hone Ibr his Msideiic* at tW- foot of the high bill «poB which the nansiMi >tWMb^- which contiMies to be inhabited by hie- eon. For thi* purpose be palled dAirnaiid anroofed part of this fine old Houte, so that the ball in which the Sfarewsbary ariM aod qoarteriags yet remaioi I»boW) by the foluntary act of the late possessor,, exposed to the elemeiis. Thow who are food of the arts mast eter regtet this strange taste; a taste which also- led the family to coosider the valuable MSS. and correspondence of their philosophical > ancestor as so much waste paper | thoogb some of them have since be«a rescued from the igUomiaious destruction to which they were destined. Though some parts of the Manor House have been taken down, and employed by the late Mr. Halton for building his house, yet it was con>- siderably injured before this time. During the civil wars in the reign of Charles I. being possessed by the royal party, it was besieged and taken by lord Grey of Groby,. and sir John Gell of Hopton, officers in the parliament service, who, accordiflgto Whitelock, voted them a let» ter of thanks for this and other services. The assault was begun on the east side with cannon planted on Pent* ridge Common, and a half-moon battery raised for its defence in this quarter was soon carried ; but a breach being found impracticable, the cannon were removed to a wood on the opposite side. They made such an impres- sion on the wall, that a considerable breach was soon opened^ and the besieged were compelled, immediately to WIVOr»I.O MAVOB Hoots. nrrender. Colonel Dolby^ who mm tlM govonor of fker place, wM killed dmlag tkt siege. He hod diifoiMd hlmielf in tbe dran of a comaHHi Midler; bat belog mcb aad known by a dciertery he was shot by him In the fiaee as he was walking In the stables. The hole throagk which he introdnced his Basket may yet he seea near tke porter's lodge. WIngfleld Manor Hoase is exceedingly well sitaatcd for a place of defence i standing, as before observed, apon an eminence, whid b steep on every side, excepting to the north. In this part it appears to have been greatly strengthened by a deep ditch or moat, which was made Mariy across the hill* >^ HEATH hall; YORKSHIRE. Rbath Hall is situated near the villa^ of Heatii> and about one mile from the large and populous town of Wakefield, not far from the banks of the Calder. . It is. an ancient but handsome house, supposed to have been erected about the latter end of the reign of queen £11*^ zabeth.. Heath HaU was Uie seat of the late sir George Dul- ston, baronet, but now belongs to, and is the residence of ■ Dillon, esquire, who married sir George Dul- ston's only daughter. The grounds of this family mansion are laid out with considerable taste in the style which prevailed in the early part of the last century, and from many points, the house haa a venerable and majestic appearance. The river adds much to the beauty of the scene. The village of Heath, which, for situation, gives place to few in the kingdom, rises on the side of a hill, south of the river Calder. It consists of various elegant houses, built round a green, with hanging woods and gardens, well laid out, inclining to the river. At this beautiful place, about the year 1740, Joseph Randall began an academy for the educating of young HBATH BALL. gftntlemen, in whidi were employed nine masten, with their proper issistants, to teftch eveiy branch of learn- ing necessary to qualify them either for gentlemen divines, or trade. There were usually about 900 pupils in this academy, but it is now broke up, the principal r having fuled* FUiLICLiiifxAKf MTOft, UBNOX A»<» TIL»a< FOONOAfiOlli. I ,>.in... • . U,; '».• ill n. ' 1 : . • . ;. J, :'.: ■ M u.". • ,'.''■•. ! •(' I, ' *. ,• ■^i-'i-:\.-:_^ ■ '.'. . ;■'.. • . J .J «'i ,1 't* 1 f? t' CHAPEL ON WAE:£FIBLD BRIDGE^ rORKSHlRE. This Chapel is nearly entire : it is ten yaeds long and six wide : the west front is divided by buttresses, into compartments, witli arches in relief; their spandfils vichly flowered, and over each compartment five shorter ones, with historical subjects in bass-relief, which are supposed to allude to the occasion of erecting the Cha- pel, llie first is broken, in the second is a woman re- clined, lamenting, a youth at her feet sits wringing his hands ; in the third, two youths kneel, praying by the side of a woman in the same attitude ; in the fourth, a group of figures, obscure ; in the fifth, a man sitting, another standing before him, and an embattled building. The buttresses are beautifully carved, and each was crowned with a rich fynial. The north and south win- dows have rich tracery. Tliis Chapel, which stands partly on the bridge and par^y ou the sterlings, was lately a warehouse for hemp, and has been used for various purposes, that have of late years much damaged it. It is said to have been built by Edward IV. in memoiy of his father; but this king •seems to have been rather the repadrer, or rebuilder, •than the founder of this Chapel, for it appears by the K 2 CHAPEL ON WAKEFIKLD BUDGS. cbtfUr of 91 Edward III. dated at Wakefield, tbat lie, by that inttrament, settled jf 10 per ammm on WUliam Kaye and William Bull, and their tucoeiaon, fiir ever, to perform divine lervioe in a Chapel of St. Maiy, newly built on the bridge at Wakefield* A chantry for two priests in thb Chapel was valved, at the sqppres8ioii« at .AtT0«, LtN^x Any WCffinqJf Teed makes it 3^512: 13:4. The Abbey was surren- red by John Ripley, the last abbot, on the 22d of oy. 1540; the site was granted to Thomas Cranmer, chbishop of Canterbury, and his heirs, in exchange r other lands, in the thirty-fourth of Henry YIII. dward YI. granted the archbishop licence to alienate e said premises to Petec Hammond, and others, for the ■IKKtTALL ABBEY. Me of Thomat, b yomager iob of tlM imid arclibbbop, id lib beirt. Kirfcitall it 8Uiiate4 aboat three milet oortb-wot from Leedf , witbin tbe liberty of that place, and io tbe wapentake of Skyrack. From Leeds to the Abbey tk walk U well paved, and kept in excellept order, at the , expense of the inhabitant! of tbe town. , I I •< . tJw* |.;..,. ■4. 3??t' i^ ROCHE ABBEY, YORKSHIRE. RocHB Abbey is near the town of Rotberham, in the deanery of Doncaster, and archdeaconry of the West Riding;. It was foanded by Richard de Builli and Richard Fits Turgis, or de Winiierseslia^ in the year 1147, and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, for monks of the Cls*> tertian order. John, the son and heir of Richard, de Builli, confirmed to this bense the gifts made by his father t besides these, the Abbey receiTed divers other benefbc* timis, not only from the Builli family, but also from other persons, amongst whom were Matilda de Loovetot, widow of Giraldus de FumtTal, Edraond Laley^ constable of Chester, and William the second earl of Warren, which last granted them the tenth of the residue of the eels taken out of his fisheries Hoffield^ Thorn, and Fislak, after th^ deduction of the full tithes, which were appropriated to» the monks of Lewes. There were divers others whO' contributed to this monastery, whose donations, as weU as all that bad been given before, or that should be given in future, were confirmed by a bull of pope Urban III» dated 1186, which likewise exempted the abbot and monks from the payment of tithes for all lands in their own occupation. ROCHB ABBBY. At the time of tlie dinolntion there were sereotecn Bionki, and their lut abbot, Henry Condell, who rarrcn- dered on the SSd June 1639 ; their revenues were rated by Dugdale at je«84 1 8 : 5, and at ,£271 : 19:4 by Speed. The remains of this Abbey are bat small, compared to its once great eitent : many parts have In former times l>een carried away to repair any bnildings that wanted it : great care is taken to preserve that which remains by the earl of Scarborough, the present owner of the estate. The mins being surrounded and intergrown with many tine trees, make a picture inexpressibly charming, espe- cially when viewed with the light and shade received froua a western sun. Its recluse situation, the extreme Btillnesf, undisturbed, except by the birds and the murmur of a small rivulet, fragments of sepulchral momimeiits, the gloomy shade of the venerable ivy and yew mixed with the whiteness of the rocks, give a solemnity to this scene, and inspire the beholder with a contemplative melancholy, oftentimes pleasing as well as proper to indulge. .teH«* ^Ht ^f^VSVst. .{. .. ...0 ..J.;: »> ■ . ^ /. n-'.: ' .:■ lit' N.' » ■ ; on '/ ,.• V •" »>- :. ")',• i- •< ■<* t .♦" CONINSBURGH CASTLE, YORKSHIRE. This Castle, the keep of which is of Saxoo origin, stands embosomed high in trees near a town of the sane naine, and at a short distance from the river Dan in the West Riding of Torluhire, and in the wapentake of Strasford. The town of Coninsburgh was by the ancient Britons called Caer Conan ; that is, the city of a king, or the royal city. It was famous for the defeat of the Saxons by Aarelius Ambrosios, in the year 489, when Hengist the leader was taken prisoner, and, according to Mat> tbew of Westminster, beheaded. The Saxons called this town Coning Byrgh, from whence its present name Co- ainsbargh. The Castle is of andoubted antiquity, and supposed to have been built by the Saxons, according to tradition by Hengist. It afterwards belonged to Harold, but whether in his own private right, or as king of £ngr land, is at this time uncertain. The Conqueror gave it with all its privileges to William de Warren, who re-edi- fied it, and in his fomiiy it continued till the reign of king Edward III. ; when John earl Warren settled it with other lands upon his mistress Maud de Nereford for life ; and after her decease upon John de Nereford and his heirs male, or in default of such beirs on Thomas de Nereford and his issue male $ which John and Thomas were bis na- tural SOBS by the above-named Maud, Edmund de Lang^ COlflNSBVRGB CASTLE. ley earl of Cambridge died seiied of it in the second year of Heory IV. leaving it to his son Edward, then earl of Ratlandy bat afterwards dake of York ; wbo died pos- sessed of this lordship by the name of the Castle and manor of Coniosbargh ; leaving no issue, his estates de- volved to Richard his nephew, son of Richard eari of Cambridge bis younger brother ; from bim it came to the rrown, probably through Edward IV. where it contioned for several reigns, till James II. granted it to the lord Dover. It became afterwards Ibc property of Edward Coolc, esq. and now belongs to|be dul^ of Leeds^ The annexed description of the present state of these most venerable ruins is extracted from a letter addressed to the Editor of the Gentleman*s Magazine for March 1801, by a gentleman wbo, in company with a friendi appears to have bestowed considerable pains in the inves- tigation of this subject. *' The principal remains of this Castle consists of nearly the whole circle of outward wall, eight rounders by which it was strengthened, and here and there the foundation of the inner walls, with the strong tower, or keep, almost entire, though more than 1300 years since It was erected. The Castle is^ of an irregular hot rather oval form, and measures at the foot on the outside 700 feet in circumference, surrounded by a fosse still forty feet deep from the foot of the walls, full of tall a»h and elm tfees. ** The entrance was on the north side by a draw- bridge, the masonry whereof still remains f but bow tbe TH.OEW f ».«*»'*«**. fk»^jttM ft *,"• Ir.i ■'•'•- • • ■ ■ '.'H; r» --^i .' -.i. ^-; . <> ■. ?^'*5 A- • • h. .,.>, ;uiJ '■:'. ' ** . r.' -i *■' • . • (Jv\er there '•♦• ' ' , ' ;•..■.-»■••• .f*!';.,!! tiie -...^ vah ,.;-'. . .. • .,-: ....•• . .;,:. -r. f^/ .'.ir..' *to;ii* •»: . '.;,'- - . • a ! • ' • *.» ?< (v- . .5 ♦ . f ■A'. 1 'V » , .. . 4. i I.M.' '., .' 1 •/ COHmftBURGH CASlhM* toibe h here entirely filled with rubbiab, forming a bigii- way across. A covered way, ten feet wide, was formed by two walls brought to the edge of the drawbridge ; that on the left is thirty feet long, and joins one of the rounders ; the other winds to the right for 100 feet, where this covered way opens into the court or Castle yard, and then runs on as a main wall to the keep. Where the co- vered way terminates are the remains of a portal ; its ar- chitecture and fragments of steps pronounce it to have been the entrance to some build tngs, the ruins and foun- dation of which appear contignous to it, and to the whole of the north and east wall, which were probably for the purposes of lodging the officers and 8ervao(8 of the go- vernor or proprietor of the Castle, for store- houses, and other necessary offices. On each side of the tower there are steps reaching to the top of the walls. Through the bottom of the wall is a break, which, from the symmetry of a remaining stone, perhaps was a loophole or sally- port i it must however have been but small, being in its present mined state only six feet square. The greater part of the sooth-west wall is sunk with two of the four rounders by which it was strengthened ; and from its re- clining posture, it is conjectured it was undermined ; one of the rounders particularly is sunk so low, that it is overgrown by the grass which surrounded it. *' The keep is a noble round tower strengthened by six large square buttresses running from the bottom io the top, at equal distances; eighteen feet from the COirilfSBVAOB CASTLB. ^oand, both the tower aad bvtCfCflcci expand^ tloping gr»dnally to the width of ftmr feet, so as to give greoter etreogtb to the base. The hsttresaes are not an exact square, but lessen grmdaally as thej project from the tower. This tower is at the soath-east end of the Castk, two-thirds of it beiqg within the walls which lean ^aiast It : the rest is itself an outward wall. The door of cs« trance fronts the sooth-west, and is twenty-foar feet fres the ground, ascended to by a flight of thirty-two step about five feet broad, the aiasonry of which is dtffereot from that of the tower i wherefore Peonant condndcs (here was formerly a drawbridge from some wall to this entrance } but these steps are a more modem work thao the tower, the rest of the Castle Is also i because the re- maining ruins and steps are evidently the same work, both, indeed, different from the tower, which is highly finished, ^be stones being much larger, and morft closely And regularly arranged than those of the surroanding rtiins. We would not pretend to differ with a man of Peo- «iaot*s feme, but that it is clear he made a very superficial survey of this place ; he states only four rounders, and eight are visible. The present wall opposite the door is at too great a distance for any kind of drawbridge frosn iiy and no appearance or likelihood of any intermediate wall, or any holes, or place about the door, necessary for the festenings, &c. requisite for a drawbridge ; in the Inside are recesses for massy bars $ but it is observable, fbat neither machicolations, or portcullis, not the mode '■.''■■.r^t AJ-r •i^. "^^^.^^ Oyni^Hcrrafike/Jlg^, U(mw4HHt/u^n^a,^us'. tyanJcjijJie/. ^t'jA >,»-.:t:. {. ■ ■ut -.Ml- . :h Of} CONIHftBUaOH CASTLE. of secnrhig loopboles, seem to have been known by thoM who boilt this tower. On a leyel with this door is a floor on which we enter through the wail, which here is fiflee» feet thick, and at each buttress twenty-three feet; it seems to have been but one apartment, is circular (as is also the whole inside of the tower), and twenty-two feet in diameter ; the wall quite plain, and without any aper- ture whatever except the entrance. In the centre of the floor is a ronnd hole resembling the mouth of a well ; it i» an entrance to a lower apartment of the same dimensioot with that which we are now speaking; of. Here a^ii» PennaSDt is in an error, when he says this dungeon is of a vast depth, and at the bottom of a draw-well ; for it has^ time out of mind with the oldest inhabitant of the village^ been so fall of rubbish by tbe falling in of the upper floors and top of the tower, as to be bat eight feet deep , nor is there any tradition of a well ; but tradition says^ from its bottom' was a subterraaeoos passage out of the Castle. There have been two other floors, the first ob« taioed by a flight of twenty-five stone stairs from the en- trance passage, lighted by two loopholes. At this room the wall is thirteen feet and a half thick, the floor en- tirely fellen away ; the flre-place is extremely noble, or» namented by a triple pillar on each side, with carved ca- pitals, supporting a chimney-piece twelve feet long, now naturally ornamented with a profusion of the plant pelli- tory. Opposite tsa lai^ arched window, ascended to by three bold steps ; it has a stone seat sixteen inches high on COVIHSBOK6B CAtTLE. all three tides i near the lire-place is a niche to the wall with a troagb, perhaps for the purposes of ablatioa ; in another place is a door to a doset. Opposite the cof ranee is a staircase door to the apartment abore, ascended to by tbirty^foar steps and the light of two loopholes. Tbb room has a fire-place supported by pillars, though not so grand as the former i also, a niche and trough in the wall, the niche difibriog from that l>elow by being arched in the resemblance of a crown ; also an arched window with steps and stone seats i the wall here only twelve fed thick. ** Those who visit the top of this tower are obliged to walk half round it from one staircase door to another, on a ledge which formerly supported the floor, scarcely nine inches broad, covered with weeds, and always moist and slippery i by the assistance of naHs driven in the wall to hold by, it is not, however, so extremely dangeroos to walk round the ledge of the fir»t apartment ; bat at the secoitd ledge, forty feet above the floor, in the middle of which the dark dungeon at that height is conspicnoosl; dreadful, it is almost impracticable for grown people, and not many, perhaps, have ventured farther than the top of the second staircase. An enthusiastical love of antique curiosities, however, emboldened me to attempt it, followed by a friend, and highly gratified we were oo gaining a door opposite the fire-place ; here we fonoda small room decorated in the Gothic manner. It is of as bexagonal form, and contained in the wall and one of the V t -rr-^-t-j »iu r.e£ av-' ; ...•' -■- r. CONINSBURGH CASTLE. niltressesy id length twelve feet, breadth at each end six eet, and between the two middle pillars eight fett $ it Is irched, and ornamented with two cross arches supported >n six piUars, one at each angle ; on the two middle ones 'ests also a fifth arch, curiously carved, rendering the pace more uniform. In the centre of each cross arch is I circular key-stone, but not both alike. Opposite the loot is a large loophole, height six feet; the outside is snt six inches wide, the Inside thirty inches, the wall five eet thick ; the triangular pieces on the arch surrounding it have been ornamented with various carvings, now nach detiiced. Against the wall under this window ap- pears to have been some fixture. A circular aperture pierces each side of the buttress, thirty Inches diameter on the inside, diminishing outwards to about twenty inches ; the outward stone forms a quatrefoil ; round the outside of each are eleven balls at regular distances. In this room are two niches opposite each other, about a foot and a half square, the top cut in the resemblance of a crown ; one of them has a circle of small squares re- sembling diamonds round it, probably the addition of a later date ; no trough or cavity in the bottom of either, but a small hole penetrates downwards in the wall at the back of each. The certain antiquity of this chamber, and the idea that here, perhaps, our warlike ancestors bad offered up their prayers, or buckled on their armour, or taken their repose, filled us with a pleasing awe and veneration, that was almost heightened to sitperstition by COHIVBBOAOH CASTLE. • channlDf tonod, like ao iSvlian harp, wbick we b«tk dittioctly heard at leYeral intervals, aoable to coBjectvrt bow it wai occasioned. Oo the left of the eotnuice b a door to a small closet in the wall six feet sqoare, sevei fleet high, qnlte plain except a niche, neither troagh asr bole I the floor on a level with the former. Encoara^ by this reward of our boldness, we proceeded on the mrrowest and most dangerons part of the lodge to the next staircase door ; on the left of which is a winding passage to a sink : the loophole by which it was lighted is broken away, perhaps, by canon, being towards a commanding hill ; many other fractures appearing only on this side of the tower, give some weight to this con- jecture. Twenty-6ve stone stairs carry us to the preseot top of the tower: the buttresses rise several leet'highe?; on one of them appear steps, in three others is a large arched alcove ; in the fifth is a roimd place exactly re- sembling an oven, five or six feet in diameter and height, the mouth two feet sqoare ; it is on a level with the pas- sage, which seems to have run round the tower. Project- ing stones for supporting a floor still appear; the wall ten feet and a half thick, diminishing eighteen inches at eTcry floor. We here discovered from whence proceeded the sweet sounds heard in the Gothic chamber. The height of the three rooms is fifty-two feet. The remains of each buttress is eighty-six feet high, the main tower eight feet less. The mortar consists of lime, sand, small shells, and charcoal." ; T\ > ■ ■"■m TlU*** DONCASTER CHURCH, YORKSHIRE. 3oNCAST£R derives its bame from the river Dod, ob he banks of which it is situated. It is a place of ;reat antiquity, and was of considerable importance da* -ing the time the Romans were in Britain. Antonius in- brms us in his Itinerary, that the Crispinian horse w€re jtationed here, and that the governor of the province re- iided in the castle for the purpose of being near the town ivalls to repel the incursions of the Scots and Picts. The :astlc, a place of immense strength, together with the town, was destroyed by fire in the year 759. It appears that this fortress was never rebuilt, and the precise spot on which it stood is now scarcely known. A convent was founded at Doncaster by Henry III. likewise a hospital for lepers $ but no remains of either are at this time existing. The Church is a superb Gothic building, and greatly admired for the richness and symmetry of its tower. The whole fabric indeed is decorated with all the pro- fusion of ornament which characterizes the English style of architecture. Its form is collegiate; the extreme length 154 feet, its breadth sixty-eight: the height of the roof is seventy-eight feet ; the tower rises 141 feet c 2 BOHCASTEE CBUKCH. from the grovod. This Church is dedicated to St. Geor^, and soppoted to stand upon the area of the ancient casllc, and to be boilt with materials taken from the demolislied fortress : the period of its erection is difficult to ascertain. Doncaster is governed by a mayor, recorder, alder- men, and common-coooril. In the time 'of James II. a charter was granted to the town, which was brooght to the town ball with great pomp, attended by a train of 900 horsemen. Here is a magnificent mansion for the re- sidence of the chief magistrate ; and it is worthy of re- mark, that this appearance of state at Doncaster is of earlier authority than that of the city of York, and even «;f the metropolis itself. •nd . I- « ^1..' tv .C' i'«' t:.. • ■ . .': . - ^-u . wajtiic tL». w..a Jt lus reign/ they amounted to the amaz- ing number of one thousand one hundred and fifteen. f ^ 'iy^:l/:.^^-'t-S '.'/ -^^ *-- KNARESBDROUGH CASTLE, rORKSHIRE. Knaresborough is situated on the eastern side of the river Nid, in the west-riding of Yorkshire^ about eighteen miles north-west of York : it is a town of great anti- quity, and formerly of considerable strength, being well fortified by its natural inaccessible cliffs next to the ri- ver, and on the other side by a high rampart, the re- mains of which are yet discernible, having several mo- dem terraces raised upon its foundation, from each of which is an extensive view of a most beautiful country, bounded on one side by the Yorkshire wolds, and on the other by the mountains of Hambleton, including a large and variegated tract of, enclosures, woods, and villages ; among which is seen the city of York. The Castle was erected by Serlo de Burgh, a Norman baron. In the time of Henry I. Eustace Fitz-John was lord of Knaresborough, and resided at the Castle: this noble- man appeared in^ arms, in favour of the empress Maud, against king Stephen, who, having usurped the crown,, for the security of himself and his adherents, gave such unbounded licence for the erection of castles, that, to- wards the end of his reign, they amounted to the amaz- ing number of one thousand one hundred and fifteen. KNARBSBOftOUGH CASTLX. • Knareiboioiigh Caitle wai p^& ^ Edward II. to hit faYouriU Gaveaton. In 1S90 Ridiard II. after his depoaition^ waa impriioiied here. In 1640 thii place wai held by a garrison, for the king, which became a terror to the surrounding countiy ; scarce a day passed, but the parliament received information of the irrepars- ble depredations and wanton barbarities committed by the king's horse from this place. On the 90th ctf Apiil 1646, the Castle was, by an order from the house of commons, rendered untenable: the walls and towers have ever since been mouldering away ; yet even now the elevation of the site, and the remaining fragments of its former magnificence, strike the imagination with the idea of much strength, beauty, and importance.. "■ ' / ■ ' if^ * by AoTOR, U2N0X AN» TILDEN fOUNOATlONt. . - i"vuhd by K'al < >. a'..^. • . erN*-, t' b*. helil t y i . , i^ • . • ,' . '.;. »'.if.,- *■ *. w.-- • .i.M.iv •••'" !' ;'•• • • . • , ,f v*r!ii'.'. ; }■■ \fits arf* • ; • '.'".' r »..i ••, !tv '.i.,/ '. 'M 'i ; j»Hlj- .P3^" rf it * i > H'^r.yji.' r.-r.. ^ . \.i \*U'>ii ».';i:i w.}- ■' i.ft h'».j .1.1 -iff ; 'tcr''.-^ '. ;.v<.'.j,5-uiy to iotri- .'utc ly -'iw j»uj.;rU- v_ n . ( •itl 't MONASTERY OF ST. AGATHA, YORKSHIRE. This religious bouse was an abbey of Praemonstraten- sian canons, dedicated to St. Agatba: its situation in the village of Eastby bas acquired ittbe name of Eastby Abbey, by whicb it is now most generally known. . It was foundied- by Roaldus, wbo, according to Tanner, was constable of Richmond Castle in the year 1151 : in IS53 it was agreed between the abbot and monks of St. Agatha and Henry, son of Ranulph, that the said Henry should have all their possessions at Kerperby, now Car- , perby, to be held by him in pure and' pei^etual alms, paying annually to the monks one pound of cummin seed. Roger de Mowbray, Alan Bigod, and many other persons, were considerable benefactors to this bouse : their various grants are recited and confirmed by the charter of Edward III. In the tenth of that king's reign the patronage of it was in Henry lord Scroop, from whom it devolved to his son and heir William, who dying without issue, bequeatiied it to hia brother Richard, lord high chancellor in the time of Richard II. This nobleman was of high honour and integrity, as appears by the following anecdote, which it will te necessaiy to introduce by some remarks upon the MoitAtnnnr op it. agatba. ehtrtcter of Iho kinf . Kiehard being now In his sefcii- teenth year, begmn more pUinly to discover those penu- cioos ioeUnations which had been restrained liitberto by the authority of his governors : he had a high conceit of his own merit, and thought himself as well qualified to govern the state as Edward III. was at his age. Bat tliere was a wide difference between the two princes: £dwM» when very young, discovered deep penetration, had none but noble and generous inclinations, which tended to bis own glory and his people's happinea. Richard, on the contrary, minded only trifles, and thought of nothing but his pleasures : be loved pomp and magnificence more than any of his predecessors, and by that means run into superfluoun expenses, jirbich swallowed up bis revenues to no purpose. Flatterers had a great sway over bim : he expressed as gpreat afiection for those who soothed his passions, as aversion for such as, by their good advice, tried to induce him to lead a life worthy a great prince. Having nothing of a warlike disposition, it was remarked that in council he was al- ways inclined to make use of the way of negotiation, rather than vigorous resolutions. Ab soon as he was out of his childhood, he was observed to choose favourites whose inclinations suited with his own, or, at least, who knew bow to make as if tbey approved of whatever he did. Among these was Alexander NevU, archbishop of York, Robert de Vere, earl of Oxford, a young maa of great spirit and vivacity, whose youthful saUics weie -:'-:^' •^:. '%^< m '^-: t. /C'''.:. V.' u. '} I .Ci ^v MeNAflTEKv «r er. aoatha. very pleasing to hit master, Michael de la Pole, a mer- efaant's son of London, and judge Tresilian, who never wanted reasons to countenance what was agreeable to tl^e king. These favourites, who omitted no opportunilgr to flatter him, were amply rewarded for the most incon- siderable services, while those who managed the public affiuis, and took all the pains of government, were little regarded. These proceedings began to be disrelished by the people, when an accident which- happened about the year 1382 put them quite out of conceit with their so- vereign. One of the courtiers before mentioned having obtainedof the king a considerable grant, Richard Scroop, the chancellor, refused to annex the great seal to the patent, and plainly told the person that solicited him, that the duty of his office would not permit him to put the seal (the custody whereof the parliament had en- trusted him with) to all the grants the king should \)e pleased to make without discretion, till he had got a little more experience. Richard, provoked at this refusal, sent to demand the great seal, but he would not give it up, alleging that he held it not of the king but of the parliament. This resolution still more incensing the young prince, he went to the chancellor himself, to re- quire his obedience. The chancellor being able to deny jt ao longer, delivered him the seal, declaring he would serve him no longer in any public post, but content him- self with keeping in all other things the allegiance due Icom a sutject to a sovereigiu Richard kept the great ■OHAtTBBT OF ST. AOATHA, teal tome days, and then detivei«d*it tollobeftBny- brook» buhop of London, who, in all- appeanmoe, trat not to tciupuloiis at Scroop. In punuanoe- of his de- claration to the kin^. Scroop toon afterweids vettied-to hit ettate in the country, where he spent the remainder of his days and nftost of hit fortune in acts of piety and devotion. Amongst otbert> be obtained^ license the six- teenth of Richard II. to bettow an annoal rent «if £150, istuing out of his lordthipt of Brignate, Caldwell^ and various othert, in the county of York, for the mainte- nance of ten canont, over and above the then number, retident in the monastery of Eattby ; at also for the support of two secular canons and twenty-two poor men for ever, to pray for the prosperity of the said Richard and his heirs during this life, and for their souk after their decease; likewise for the souls of his predecessors, and likewise those of all the faithfoll This grant he ob- tained licence, in the twentieth of the same reign, -to re- sume, for the purpose of founding acoUege in the church of the Holy Trinity atWenslow, for a master or/ warden, and as many chaplains or fellows as he thought proper, and twenty-two poor persons : but, according to Tanner> this design never took effect. Scroop died in the fourth year of Henry IV. and by his will directed bis body to be deposited in the abbey of St. Agatha, giving to every parish, anniversity, orchantiy priest, of the parish churches of Richmondsbire, coming to and celebrating at his funeral, the turn of 2sw Ste* (:• ., his ^•^v.. .r f')*'.* '•♦♦•♦i ir I ] " • ' . • ' ., '.^ >;- 'I, il f !h8 Jfi •' '! ' . ' - r ; ■,. " Ji> jA^iry^tt U ...» /;.\- ' «.^. . ./i- -r-S. ! )0«kfi,v»t*' oi' El.^v.vM , '0 »,.;...•, , •( • _ -' u- *i\*' ■ .'hii t,i«le of" the ",vr, '.I* 1 , .. t f *. £ • .t-A^nV jHirt! the t«wn oi «•• '«.f -v { r.i?? •.'■,- *'. liu* f iuinen».e5, the rt/:.* ' . . v j "• . • i' x .'it v li . t * , ♦.II. T' Ming, ^md, 'vjM-.'i ^ ; • virer ".^f n -..' j,i, >'■.; all the ♦ '»^i»' " .M •■•.'.'«.<♦ I.;.' r.tri ' t . . ,....*- •'•J' i 111 Hi ■•'?st.<'«j :! 'i^ tij'' !*.-", 1'^ •• . • .. -r.t ' * » / •> .'•'>■ .!> ■ .- . t . • • M \ !'»«:•*••.•.»-,• i:ss;ca:»*'n vi" .• '.<* ■ rD«-'i'^ 'I,..'. (•■':. ghn l»r«-T«;. '. firsi t'linsi' * l>j' A^'' •'..• .4, wh.. /: •/: . . . . r.ja ► f •'.:'■.'"> iv •,.Tu . ..I .1 '•'- » •» ••..-. .'n, if**!''.'.: i.; I'* '.-I'), .' '' :-'U 'i 4 .f■' £B0itAci7ir or York,. the tnetropollsof fiborascirlii or Yorkshire, is situated near the centre of the island, in »« rich and extensive yaHey,. on the confluence of the rivers Onse and foss, and derives its- origin from very early ages. It IS related of GeoflTrey of MonnM>ath, that Ebraa* ciasy the son of Menipttcia», the third king fironi Brute,, built a city north of the number, which from his own name he called Caer-Ebrac : this Is stated to have beea 122S years before Christ* C&mden says the name is- entirely Roman ; for York being near the centre of tlie island, and having communication with the safest bay» and harbours on the German Ocean, the policy of the - Komans would teach them that this was a proper place to fortify. It is probable that York was a place of some note before the Roman invasion, and that it waK first fortified by Agricobir whose conquests in the ishmd northward extended beyond it. In the year 208 the Roman emperor Severus,. and his two sons Caracalla and- Geta, arrived in Britain, and nuide York their chief residence, and there Severus died. Constantine the Great» who is supposed to have been bom at this place, divided TORK. Brit&ia into three parts, of one of which Maxiina, or Flavia Cftaricotis, the capital city, was York. The moDonicots of antiquity at York are onmeroas : nuuij of them will appear in the progress of this work. l¥ithin a few yean past this city has been nmch improved; the streets have been widened In many places i they have also been newly paved, additional drains made,' and by the present method of conducting the rain from the Inhko, the streets are become much drier and cleaner than thtj were formerly. The erection of locks on the Onse, ahoat four miles below the city, has been of great advantage to it I for, previous to this improvement, the river was fre- quently very low, leaving quantities of mud and dirt io the very heart of the city s this Inconvenience is now prevented, the river being always kept full. The river Foss was made navigable abont twelve years since, and from a nuisance, now contributes to the salubrity as well as beauty of the city. York is governed by a lord mayor, recorder, two city council, twelve aldermen, two sheriifs, twenty-fiMiT Assistants, seventy»two common councilmeny and six chamberlains. ••'•.;.«i v.'. ;- J.y.-. ' ■.. *^' N, ;w i"t' '..I.? .> . i.\ l^'.ii S.' - \C4. 'J'f . 'Jj:-'',*';' I »■• •, V\ ., M',- . •*.".- 'V^ .t' *' 'y,\ \\y ', *. •:• :'. ''th ^ . :-ir • K-..« ■ ' .1 ■ "' :.r.! ■• ■ ' {r. • •• i. •.•♦m^c •'■;• .i* '•-'"; ^ • .' ..••., >,^ .*■/..-'{••) for \f,'^. I j ^.-.LTi V* ti-e r-' ; o i.. •J"t^,-. MICKLEGATE BAR, YORK. MicKLBGATE, or, as il is sometimes called, xJpitktfitAf' is a street of considerable lengtli and spaciousness, wliich leads from tlie Bar to the bridge. This Bar, the entrance to York from the London road, is near the centre of the vallnm and wall wbicb fortifies this part of the city. It ' is in form a triplet, supporting^ a massive pile of Gothic^ torrets; the interior gate is of Roman workmanship, - forming a true segment of a circle of the Tuscan order,- and well finished In millstone-grit : the outer arch had formerly a massy iron chain across it, and also a port* coll is I it has still strong double wooden gates, which are closed every nighf at ten o'clock. Beneath the turrets is a shield with the arms of England and France, and on each side smaller ones, with the arms of the city on them. In the eighth year of Richard I. by a record in the pipe ofiice, it appears that one Benedict Fitz-Engelram gave half a mark for license to build a bouse on this Bar, and 6d, yearly rent for having it hereditary. The head of Thomas, lord Scrope, of Massam, who was beheaded for high treason in the reign of Henry V. was placed upon the top of Micklegate Bar; and after the battle of Wakefield, where Richard duke of York VICXLEGATE BAR. met bis fiite, hit bead, whicb bad boldly aspired to a goMca diadem, was in derision crowned with paper, pat •«n a long pole, and with tbe face to tbe city placed there likewise. At some distance from tbe Bar Is a mount of great aotiqnity, sapposed to be a Roman oat work. Near this ipaiiat»foroe years since, were dag up two arns of Bomaa workmapsbip, oat of glastaad tbe other lead« tbei^ais '^ttfB was brokea into several pieces } it appeared to have 'beea coated on tbe Inside with a bluish s^very Mbstaaee: tbe leadca one was lamndiately sold by the warkmea to « plaaber, wba, wUb perttet Indifference to Us anti^itj, AnmfAiolMy melted k dowa far tbe pocpoves of bit trade. I ,,.1, L2N0X AN» to f ,■ ^' . } •• • * •■• •» .ill '.ffj {.'u . t .' ' . • ,. . ..!«,,• ■, ,. .^ J, .y. ' ' . ...... , .. ■ U •t •• ■/•• '»•?'» f.^.:i a::'.' •. -•• '5i -v V ,'. ' ': .» . ; . '.a. • '~ ;-. y ■ .' , . . '-• •■ •.• .'• .c • • • ^aj,ik, and '. .: ui.i^crsv. !v A'1« ■-. ' OXSSE BRIDGE, YORK. This Bridge, which is on olject highly des^rring of notice, is composed of five pointed arches, the centre one stretches eighty-one feet across-the river, and is fifty-one feet high i the remaining four are of much smaller dimen- lions. -It was bnilt in 1566, on the site of another bridge Df great antiquity, which was carried away l>y an immense 16od, bringing with It vast quantities of ice. On the pre- ient Bridge stands the great council-chamber of the city, tear which, till very lately, the records were kept j bat hey now occupy a portion of'the guildhall. Beneath the jeat council-chamber is the prison for felons, and on the •pposite side is a gaol for debtors, built in 1724. At he foot of the Bridge, on the east side of the river, is a onvenient quay or wharf, strongly walled and paved, )r lading or unlading goods and merchandize. On the anks of the Onse is a walk nearly a mile in length, oely gravelled, and most agreeably shaded with trees : t convenient dutances are .placed grotesque chairs for le accommodation of the company which frequent it. he utmost attention is paid to the order and clean- less of this walk, and it Is universally allowed to be OOlfi BRIDOB. cqaal to may other in the kingdoa. Near its centre itood a bcantifttl stone bridge over the Fom, which, since that river was made^navigatrie, hat been taken down, and the present wooden one erected in its stead. ^^AAf TILDEiN FOON0ATH3NI. f . .• t- •• BYLAND ABBEY, YORKSHIRE. KoGER de Mowbray, at the instance of his mother Gun* dreda, A. D. 1143, removed the convent of the Cister- tian monks from Hode, to a part of her jointure near the river Rye, almost opposite to the abbey of Ryewall, since called Old Byland ; which place being tliought inconve- nient for the habitation of the religious, four years after they removed to Stocking, near Cuckwald ; and at last, A. D. 1177, fixed a little more easterly near Whitaker, where this Abbey of Byland, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, at length was settled, having a noble monastery with a coUegiat« church, and continued in a flourishing state till the general dissolution. The remains of this splendid Abbey are situated in a most beautiful valley, <. under the woody steep of Black Hamilton Moor. The building #as large and magnificent, composed of lime-stone, and highly enriched in the early English style. Its shattered and mouldering ruins cover a great extent of ground, though nothing can be discri-^ minated excepting some fragments of the church, a gate-house^ and part of the ofifices, now occupied as a^ cottage^ BTLAND ABBBT» The whole length of the church was SS5 lieet, 800 of whidi were contained in the nave, eeTenty-five in the breadth of the transcept; and fifty in the choir: the length of the transcept was ISO feet. f^* •• -J: • ■ C'!« •'/ t:»< : • • ■ r..--"- , '.•'-.. wf t.r :*, C- .vi ',' ■.•».MH •v\'i«..-'\ t':i»!)H' r •! '. .i* .'lP\.c. »\ liK l.'uly, *"»»•» line, sir '.'• 'M-hvi..* • ■ ri. ».•,> •^ . .i>J,f'4 ;u'. .-- i-.vr- !, ■}"•' . V • '. 'N-..:!.t to. '•; ^ *''..r"»< ***' <■/!..• .r»i«- I •; ; l.".\,. .» '• m li - . »•,*•• ^ log! i*^-, , . »• I,-';m.\. ..' '•■ .- ;»'••-■•', '..- b«;.-M- - / »•-•-:,%., i .«. .'•.. •>.:. ^ro^^. -.r.^ ". •• .v, ' .; j"'- . v <> . . ' •,»lU ,-.''■ ,i !:m=; «5Uv'' ^' .: .»':>. Vt i .r .i u. .-,, v ;>o rt. ■ .. '.. ' twrth«-.- •.' '.nnwij- ' .•.^•.•«. •. t 1';.!.' , KIRKHAM PRIOHY, YORKSHIRE. Thbsb romantic remaiiiB are situated in a beautiful vale on the east side of the river Denrent, at the distance of about three miles south-east of Whitwell, six miles south- west from Malton, and twelve from Scarborough. With respect to its ecclesiastical situation, it is placed in the deanery of Bucross, and arcfadeaconiy of the East Ridings in the archiepiscopal diocese of York, It was founded by sir Walter Espec, lord of Helmesley in this county, during the reign of Heniy I. to comme morale a &tal accident which embittered his declining years^ By his lady, Adeline, sir Walter had an only son, who was called after his own name. The young knight took great delight in horsemanship, and usually rode the swift- est coursers. One unhappy day, when he was galloping towards Frithly, near this place, his horse grew restive^ fell near a stone cross, and threw his rider, who instantly ctied on the spot. Inconsolable for such an irreparable loss, sir Walter consulted his uncle, William, rector of Garton, who ad-« vised him, for the solace of his mind, to build a holy place. He endowed this stmcture with seven churches, and B KIBXHAM PEIOET. iMr impropriatioiif » tlie proftti of whidi, with tlie rents and other pouewions in Yoriuhire and Northumberland, ammintBd to llpQ marka. He loon after died of grief, leaving his vast poeaes* aioni among hit aiateri. The Priory of Kirkham has been variouslyand liberally endowed. It appears that Walter de Espec, the founder, gave the manor of Kirkham, with the parish chardi, sad one carucate and twenty-four acres of land, lying betweea the wood and the river Derwent, with liberty for the bogi belongingto the Priory, to pasture in Kirkham wood, pan- nage free; he also gave the tenth peni^of the farm of his mill. The canoni had free warren through the whole ex- tentof his manor; and all his horses, mill, meadow, and all that he had between the wood and the river, with tbe llsheiy of Kirkham and Howsom, in lieu of their tithes of five carucates of land in Tilleston, and four carucales In Grift, of which the abbot and convent of Rieval, which he had also founded, were possessed. He also gave two parts of his tithes of the territoiy of Boelton, in Northumberland; all the town of Car-upon-Tweed, with the church; the tithe of Howsom mill, built at EdestoDi on the DerWent; the church of Garton, with a carucate of land called St. Michael's Flat (this church was aftei^ wards appropriated to the Priory) ; the church of Helmes- ley ; Blakemore, with a carucate of land, and pannagv in this wood for all the hogs belonging to the canons and their servants, and also pasture for their other cattle; the ^■^; At AOTCft, LENOX AH» ., 1/ TtLOEN f«uNOAr»N«. •i:^''' '^•\'^,- r.» . • .. . ■ *.i ♦. 'i • - .." • '..:' ^\ :»i. y. '. •'• < . • .' .f ..,. • . -•...•. ■• * •.■It^« 4 :• .'a. . . , • ,M r ♦ » ' '' • l W •(■• • 1 ../ • • u • "■',' ' < ' k ■' ■ • -M av5 «« •*:'.• • ' •; ' "i* ' ." •:•. } ••• r . . . !• -., ^*.( . V JC C'UirrU .» . •• • . • ..^. » . .•;:. •' I '. • ♦ i ' M;u, " * \\' ..» . .- • r •■.,•• 'iji■ ' *\ ^' . . -l-MC " • >. '. • . ; • ,» ^ • • * . -v. ^ ' *. .) ♦ • «.' ( <' >> U ^ J \ •• . , :.,,. . . ■•.. If*, •.^(-iv. . t. a '< ;•• •{ .••:•; 'u t ,!<' or;-.,*- ', .>M' ..-.1 .iM. .r. - King Heniy III. granted to the fnoiy b2 aua caiiviia KUUUIAII PRMMMT. church of Hildnton; two puts qI th^ titlies,of thenill at Hoelton, in Northumberland; t;|ie tith^ penni^sof bis .tarmB at Howsoniy V^d oC tb<^. apples of his.mapors, espe- cially of this town and mill ; the church of Kirkeliy Crondall* with one earnest^ of lan4 in the town (the chjOTch was afterwards appropriated to the PripTy) ; the tithes of his demesnes in X^ynton ; the church of Newton* in Glendalfiy with its appurtenances^ and all the lands of Ne&ldl, the clerk ; the tithe pennies of all its territories in Northumberland; eight carucal^ of landinSij^rdal^^ the manor of Titelington, with its appurtenances ; one house in Werche ; the town of Whitw^U ; the town of ^isthowy with the church formerly called Mora, which was appropriated to it ; and also all his, houses in York. William de Ros, lord of Hamelak^ gave a toft in the town of Pockley. A contest arose between Hugh* prior of Kirkham, and tiiis William de Ros, concerning the chase in the woods and moors of Hamelak, when it was agreed* A. D. 1891, that William should give to the poor the toft in Pockley, with a free passage through his woods and nioors* except through the park ; and that he and his heirs should give to the canons three deer yearly, in lieu of the tithe of hunting; and also give £5 per annum, in lieu of the tithe of apples of his manors, which were given by the founder : for which concessions the prior and canons quit- .claimed to the said >WilUam all free chase in the before- mentioned woods and moors. King Heniy III. granted to the Priory and canons nriom privUeget in the forest of Galtrets, and free war- ren in Kirkham and WoodhoiiBe. Robert, lord of Sprnton near Hamelak, fare pas- tore for 800 sheep, as well in winter as summer. William de Barton gave six oigangs of land, with tofts, crofts, meadows, and pastures, in his territory; which William de Ros confirmed in the year 185S. John, son of Robert de Navelton, gave various por- tions of land in Bergerthorp, in which township the Pri- ory enjoyed' other benefactions. William, son of William de Berwerthorp, gave, or rather sold, the capital messuage and land in Berwerthorp, in consideration of twelve marks, and other goods, which the canons bestowed on him in his great necessity* The church of Beiythorpe was given to the Priory. Walter de Ros gave the advowson of the church off Cald-Overton, which Peter de Ros confirmed, for support- ing the hospitality of the Priory. The church of Cambrun was given and appropriated in the year 1S21. Hugh Bardolph gave pasture for 100 sheep, in his territory of Hoton Bardolf, with liberty to have lambs therein till the feast of St. John the Baptist. The Priory had also vast possessions in Kirkeby, ■Gnindale, Lengeby, Myndrom, Ross, Sledmere, Swinton, Turkilesby, and other places in Yoflishire and Northum- berland. '^^UCLlSRARYi i ♦. •"' :< ■ , and Mventeen ••aoili; hBfiBf been ^neriowly valued, in tlw twenty- seventh of the leme reign, at £900:15:6acoonlinsto Speed's ncooont, hutit£sm:5:9 i^freeafaly to tiie state- nent of iir William Dugdale. The pensions gl^Bted to the prior and his brethren amoonted to £100. The sn p p r e m ion of refigious houses fay Henry VIU. occaeioned great discontents; wliich were probaUy in'' c rea sed, as weU by the seoolar as the regular clergy, and fomented by the greater abbots, and in October 1536 broke out into a rebellion in linctdnshire ; but soon sup- pressed. Within six days one more formidaUe, denomi- nated << The Pilgrimage of Grace," commenced in Voik- shire, commanded by a person named Ask, attended by a number of priests with crosses in thdr hsmds, which amounted to an army of 40^iN)0 men, assisted by lord Darcy ; this also, with some difficulty, was conquered. These had such an eflfect iq>on the nncoatrollable mind of Henry, that he pursued his plan of dissolution tiU he obtuned a revenue of j^lOO,000 jier annum. The sum of all the abSnes, priories, and cells, in this county, exclusive of friaries, colleges, hospitals, and chantries, amounted to jgl6,818 : 11 : 6} besides a great quantity of plate and jewek. These-estates were estimated to be worth ten times the value at which they were rated ; under which calculation theannual income of the mouastie r;Ji£N-SWYORK. ?u-:UeU2RART ^A^TOF,, LFNOX ANP •* " oo'.l Jv'.vKba'u *' -: -•>:'. K'.«\t I, V:n:^:.' t., ■/r-- in; , ^^i^ .vi»'; '. •»» lu 'I* »' • ; .:it Kdffj»v.; M. ! *- • » > '" . * i- it. .^* f ':•' Kwir, '*'; ';•'"} "a Jir'.t: ; .■ :«.»■• • l».»a '.v. •'■ i'j.iz:<'- '.. •>•;'• 'rh year ..»..•/ ' , .' '^ * 'Ijhit .<» •. • •. «'^♦• 1 " I • > att'.\ f si.'.. '? • ■ '.'■;, ».t" ^M' .'.••StO'i', .1... .-..' ^ '"'it iV "f^'f.iv ' . «';♦ i ^ •» .ii l»c-.. » . A t {<• t".'. :•;»'.' h ■•.. •: . ' ? .'I*'*.!' . '''» *-!\t wt.t ,t o . ,. ^<-u'.< T», ... .».;. •> A ■• ' ' •■ '«» '■••■: V. .15. ' ".' ♦. •/. '• t •. .■ - '. , '! ■ • 'W*.. •••■.' ■ »--.'\i •■' H ids '.f .1". ♦ . ■ xl '. -I > , ' ..■ ■ .•*• '"I* i'- • ,:;' "it.'*. !■», • . » .• . . .•,'.^/ "'..tt, h IX S'lid • I'. i\ •'• .!<• V- alt* '1 .u'tiH- .. i" < : .' ; "\ , .•.'.' KtftKIUM PKIOKTj Chutes in Yorlohire alone was worth £lMfiBB 1 15 r9| ift the diasolutton. Henry granted Kirkham to fir Heniy Knevet, knight* and daone Ann, his wife ; hut in the third of Edward VI. it was transferred to its rightful patron, the earl of Rmt- Und, who held it of. the long ni capik»y by mffitary se»- vice ; to whom queen Elizabeth, in the fifth year of her reign, gave Ucense to alienate the maMor, wil^ thlose of Byllesdale, Stipeslow, and Rievauix, t6 Edward Jackman and Richard X«ambert,- whence th^ have dcltoended ^ various possessors. Having traced the history of Kirkham-Priory from its foundation to its destruction, under the govemtnent pf twenty priors, it only remains to traverse the desecrated ground; and whilst we describe the dilapidated remains of the piety of our ancestors, dwell upon the firag^ents of strength combined with beauty which distinguish these solitary walls. The approach to the west entrance is solemn and ma- jestic. The beautiful gate belonging to this Priory is in so perfect a state as to have the statues stiU remaining in the niches, the principal of which is an oval of the Virgin and Child, with several shields of armorial bearings. The style of this part of the building is the florid Gothic. Here are also the relics of a cross ; probably that which occasioned the foundation of the Priory. Behind the gate are vaulted arches of the foundation. Among the ruins appear the remains of a beautiful cloister. KIIXHAM PUOtT. In whidi are d renders the scene higlily picturesqne and agreeable, ..^.Tlie mnsing pilgrim sees A track of brighter green, and in the midst Appears a mould'ring wall, with ivy crown'dy Or Gothic turret, pride of ancient days ! Now but of use to grace a niral scene, To bound our vistas, Sbjbkst»nb. A3T0R, LENOX ANi TILOEN FOuNOAnONS lMiA»dAra^gpnttm-j^l,TfCUl*^r'Ji,ndS-X7.Cinmti'.0LiJ,>US.'J,ri^l>i .:••■/ ' .. ■ .' •• •!' • ;.M . . ' •• • 'U'- ?''a J ' f< • I'M*. • i" >.'• , ;».^ ' , ,. KEEP OF SCARBOROUGH CASTLE, YORKSHIRE. Thi& venerable niin is situated on tlie top of a stupen- doiu r-ock, rl»ing above SOO feet from the level of the sea. The rock is joined to the main land by a narrow strait^ and bouuded on three sides by the German Ocean ; it pre- sents towards the sea a vast range of steep and craggy clifib, entirely inaccessible. The once noble Castle of Scarborough was built in the reign of king Stephen, by William, earl of Albemarle.and Holdemess, who, having great possessions in this part of Yorlcshire, erected this fortress for their defence. The most entire portion now remaining is the dungeon or Keep, which, on accconnt of the extraordinary thickness of its walls, has outlived the other parts of the erection. This majestic tower was a square building ninety*seven feet in height^ and formerly bad an embattled parapet ; the watls are twelve feet in thickness i the different stories have been vaulted and divided by strong arches. The windows, which are larger than usual in such buildings, have semicircular arches supported by round pillars. These mouldering remains of antiquity have been so impaired by the ravages of time, that the period of tbeir entire destruction seems to be «( hand. KBBP OF flCABBOBOVGR CASTLE. Hfory II. being jealoM of the exorbitant power of tit baroni, ordered all the castlei tint liad been ereetcd 4n the preceding voigpi to be demolished. The carl of Albemarle resisted the kill's ssaadate till he was eom- Ipelled to surrender by force. Henry coming into the north to lec hit orden carried iato effect, the situation of this Castle appeared sogrcai a dcfirace to the coast, that instead of penevering in his desi|^ ngainst it, be added to its stceogth and magniicence. In the reign of ^neen Mary, the dnhe of Snffslk and •others being In Kbelllon, Mr. Thomas Stafford, second son of loid •Stafford, obtained pomemion of this Castle by a singular stratagem s collecting some fagitives In France, where he happened at that time to be, he arrived is finglaad, and.haviog disgnlsed bis little troop in the habits of peasants, came with them to Scarborough. On a market day he gained an easy admittance into the Castle, where he strolled abont, apparendy to gratify his cnri- oslty I but being gradually joined by about thirty of bis party, they secured the centinels and took pos s c as ion'pf the gate, through which they admitted the rest of their company. This triumph however was of short conti- nuance. The earl of Westmoreland recovered the place without loss. in three days, and the unfortunate son of lord Stafford was beheaded. Scarborough Castle .was twice besieged dwim: the civil wan, ami. taken by the parliament forces. T'LDEN FCJONOAHONI. \ ^.. - :i .. i. ,, . A ', . •. ';••-;» ,. '' ';• • . ../• »" I". • . '.il' •' . , \' w ■ . t » < ■ - • ^ _ . V.' I .'■ ' iu.. . ' WHITBY ABBEY, YORKSHIRE. In the year 655 Penda, the pagan king of Mercia, haT' ing invaded Northumberland with a great army, Oswj, the king of that district, endeavoured, by large oflfers^ to prevail on him to withdraw his forces ; but finding both entreaties and offers equally ineffectual, and that he must have recourse to arms for his relief, he, accords* ing to the superstition of those times, endeavoured to secure the divine assistance by the promise of religious foundations if he came off victorious, and under that con- dition made a vow, that his daughter should dedicate her- self to the service of God by a life of celibacy, and that he would moreover give twelve of his mansions for the erection of monasteries. This done, he engaged and de- feated the pagan army, although greatly his superior in numbers, and their king Penda was slain in the battle. Oswy, in Older to fulfil his vow, placed his daughter Ethelfleda, scarcely a year old, as a nun in the mo« nastery called Hertescie, of which St. Hilda was then abbess, who having procured ten hides of land in the place called Straeneschalch, built there a monastery for both men and women, which was dedicated to St. Peter, and governed by an abbess: this place was afterwards WHITBY CHUBCR. billed Whitby. It was great^ enriched by the donations ofEthelfleda. Barton, in bis account of this monastery^ says, " The building was began in 057 for men and women of the Benedictine ordery and though really founded and dedicated to St. Peter, and endowed by king Oswy, yet the honour is generally given to St. Hilda, who became the first abbess thereof, and is generally called St. Hil- da's, after her. This monastery continued in a flourishing state till about the year 887, when a party of Danes under Ingaa and Httbba landed at Dunesley bay, two miles westward of this place, and encamped on an eminence on the esst side thereof, still called Raven's Hill ; this name it is supposed to have obtained from the figure of that bird be- ing worked on the Danish ensign, which was there dis- played. They plundered and laid waste the country, and entirely destroyed this monastery, which remuned ia ruins many years, and was, in the reign of William the Conqueror, refounded by William de Percy. In the progress of this Work there will be given several more views of these interesting remains^ and the descriptive matter continued. O^X.Afr/!-^ ('/^riJ.^Jn^.l/u^. » ; .-.».' 'Jt '.. I. ■ . ■.• ^ , i.'V. .:■• • '."* ''■.••!, ■* \* '.•» *.i'.« Jul'. I •. :..'*•■«■. <•; il I .f the t ' ■ it-; - ■'. »/ •>< »•«.• ijj {. • • f ; - . . .-,,-,, - , J ■ . I, »* ..'b. i: >• -■. ; u ' .. I ■ ., »"•♦•« ' . . : :i t' • '< ■•AT I ■ .• •If • * >.-. ■K ..> '.♦:'• THB CHURCH OP ST. NICHOUlLl^, LIVERPOOL. Thb Churcfa of St. Nicholas, layerpoolt uavally called tlie old church, stands near the shore of the river Mer- sey, at the north-west angle of the old part of the town. This was originally a chapel of ease to Walton, out of which parish, which was very extensive, that of Liver* pool was taken in the year 1699, and this Church then became parochial. At what period m chapel was first built at this place is now, perhaps, -impossible to decide; but as the situation is near three miles from the parish diurch of Walton, it was undoubtedly early ; and the present edifice, or at least the tower of it, seems to have been erected about the time of Edward III. ; but the vturious reparations of the Church have left none of its ancient character. Since the accident, which is here>- after described, the tower has been taken down, and amongst the rubbish placed under the additions of the year 1774, which, in digging a foundation for a new tower, was recently laid open, there are several fragp ments of the piers of the building and their cUpitak^ jost enough together with the appearance of the church in some old views, to Justify a supposition that the body of thf chnrdi was rebuilt in the latter part of the fif^ taS CBUBCB OF 0r« mCBOLAIi, iMiith eentuiy. These fngmenti are now deitroycd, to that ereiy vestige of the original structure is done ainiy* We now eome to notice more particularly the awfol eatutrophe above adverted to— the fall of the tower, and iU iatal effects. ** On the nth of February 1810, a few minutes before divine service usually begins, and just as the offi- ciating clergyman was entering the Church, the key- stone uf the tower gave way, and the north-east comer, comprising the north and east wall, with the whole of the spire, came down, and, with a tremendous crash, broke through the roof, along the centre aisle, till it reached near to the communion rails, .and in its fall car- rying with it the whole peal of six bells, the west gal- lery, the oigan, and clergyman's reading-desk, totaHy demolishing them, and such seats as it came in oour . tact with. Not more than from fifteen to twenty adult persons were in the Church at the time, -and of these the greater part were unhurt ; but the children of the charity school, who are marched in procession somewhat earlier than the time of service, had partly entered; the boys following last, all escaped ; but a number of the girls, who were either within the porch, or procee^ng up the aisle, were overwhelmed in an instant beneath the pile of ruin— ^e crash of the steeple, and the pierc- ing shrieks of terror which instantly issued from per- sons in the Church, and the spectators in the churchp yard, inunedii^tely brought a large eoiicoius* of people * ..:'■.. ic - .» TfilS^CHUftCH OP 8T. NICHOLAS.' t» Ihe spot/' who did not cease to make unat>ated efforti * to rescue the unfortunate victims^ till all the bodies were removed, notwithstanding the tottering appearance of the remaining part of the tower and roof of the Churchy which momentarily menaced a second fall. Many in- stances of hair-breadth deliverance occurred; all the ringers escaped, excepting one, who was caught in the nuns, and yet was extricated alive. The alarm, it is said, first was given to' the ringers by a stone falling upon the fifth bell, which prevented its swing ; tiie man ran out, and immediately the bells, beams, &c. fell to the bottom of the tower i and their preservation would have been impossible, had not the belfry been on the ground floor. The rev. R: Roughedge, the rector, owes his safety to the circumstance of his entering the Church at an un- accustomed door : the rev. L. Pughe, the officiating mi- nister, was prevented from going in by the children of the school, who were pressing forward. -The teacher, who was killed, had just separated the children to afford him a passage, when a person exclaimed. For God's sake, come back ; he stepped back, and beheld the spire sink- ing, and the whole fell in. We shall relate another in- stance, almost miraculous ; a person named Martin was seated in his pew ; the surrounding seats were dashed to pieces, and heaped with ruins ; but he came out unhurt. Twenty-seven bodies have been taken from the ruins ; and twenty-two were either killed, or shortly after ex- pired—this number, if we consider the peril, may be T«s eainic» w tr. wohalm* vilMoooipantivc^inall; tet in the cje of 1 MrfiiUy greftt." It if worthy of notlee, that one of the Tinmen hid Uid down hit watch on a tablet which pivjected nmad the interior of the tower, and a bell fell directly over it i vpoo its remoyal eome weeka afterwards the wat^ was found undamaged. On the 85th September ISll, the first stone of the new tower (to be erected from the designs of Mr. Har- rison, of Chester) » was laid by Jiunes Drinkwater» est}. mayor ; Thomas Case and W. Nichcdson, esqrs. baili& Tiie administration of these gentlmenen will be aiemo- nhle from their ktaving laid the first stone of two ecde- siastieal edifices— thia tower, and the new dmrch of St. Luke, at the top of Bold Street $ and still more so from their eminent attention to the duties of their ofiices, and the accomplishment of tiiat important work to the town of Liverpool, the removal (tf the prisoners from the loathsome dungeon of the old goal in Water Street to the commodious new prison in Great Howard Street, which was effected, after many years delay, through their spirited eibrts, and unwearied personal attention^ ASTOr'-, LFNvOX AN» I :• -s ■ -:^«>:. - -i: : '- 'i . .-'• V ■ . ••..'.. t : I >? » w . ' . ... i. ■ ..i: ..• \ ■ '. • -.v.^ . r ,( .V ■ , <» . ."• >» . 1 J. - I,.: COCKBBSAND ABBKY. the teveDleenthi it was also confirmed by charter of Richard II. Pope Clement, io the third >ear of his pontificate, ordained *' that this shoold be railed the monastery of St. Mary of the order of the Premonstra- tenses of Cockersand." According to Speed tlie revenues at the suppression were valued at aC2^8:5:4. Tbe citale is now the property of Jolio Daltoo, esq. COCKERSAND ABBEY, LANCASHIRE. Tab chapter-house is now the only vestige of this once extensive Abbey. This is octangular, the roof com- posed of pointed arches springing from clustered columns at each angle of the room, and supported by a massive pillar Id the centre, the capital df which is curiously ornamented. The windows were a pointed arch, sup« ported on each side by three slander columns, and in- tersected with a heavy trefoil ; they have been mostly filled ap, and much of their ornamental part broken away. The Abbey was situated about six miles from Lancaster, on a strait of land at the mouth of the river Cocker, from which its name is derived. It was almost surrounded by quicksands, and commanded an extensive prospect of the Irish Sea. In its prosperous state it ii said the buildings of this monastery covered nearly an acre of ground, being fortified against the incursions of the ocean by a rock of reddish stone. The Abbey was founded by Theobald Walter, on the site of an hospital fur premonstratentian canons : he endowed it with ** all his enclosed ground at Pyling with all its appurtenances.'* This grant was confirmed by king John in the 'second year of his reign, and again ia COCKBBSARD AJiJiSV. the tetenteeothi it was alsu confirmed by charter of Richard II. Pope Clement, io the third >ear of his poniiflcatr, onlainrd *^ that this »hoQld l>e railed the monastery of St. Mary of I he order of the PreBMOstra- tenset of Corken>aDd.** According to Speed the revenues at the suppression fiere valued at a£2?8:5:4. The ciUle is BOW the property of John Dalton, esq. ASTOR. tWOX AMt A.T'. R, L£NOX ANi TILD-N FOUNQATlONt. H " ^i CUftlfBSS ABBXT. Na choml aDthem floats the lawn alon^. For Buok in slamber lies the tpermtt throng. There eaeh alil(e ; the long;, the lately dead. The monk, the swain, the roiostrbl, nakc their bed; While o*or the graves, and from the rifts on high, The chattering 4»«r, -the -hoarser nureci cry.*' On advaneiflg near the rain, the first object that at- tracts attention is the great window ia the nortii trans- cepti It was formerly enriched with liandsoroe stone mullions, hat wooden lines are now si4»6titated. Beneath this window, considerafoly on one side, is (he principal entrance, which is worthy of remark, as there appears nothing te prevent its he ing placed in the middle. A st-ill greater inconsistency is seen in the pillars that onoe supported the lanthorn $ three of them are composed of fine dostered shafts, the fonrth is square and plain $ one of the arches clad with ivy and weeds still remains. The east window has been particularly grand; it was orna- mented with painted glass, which being removed, is now •preserved in the east window of Bowlness church, in Westmoreland ; the design represents the Crucifixion, with St. George on one side and the Virgin Mary on the other ; beneath are figures of a knigliland his lady kneeling, sur- rounded by monks ; at the top above are the arms of England quartered with those of France. Tiie chapter- house was a fiue rectangular apartment $ the roof was supported by two rows of pillars: a few years since it o 2 J^VKKKSS ABBEY. feM in the groondw In the soatli wall of -tlie dumcd are four canopied stallSf sappoted to be for the priests daring the service of nmmt io the middle space were iaterreil the first barons of Keodal ; some mutilated elfiges are yet to be foaod nearly overgrown with weeds. Connected with the soBth boundary wall is a. building roofed with a groined arch, the only one remaining entire ; this is called •the school house. Towards the west end of the chorrli are two prodigious masses of stone work ^ these weretbe sides of a vast tower, which by its fall filled the imerme- diate space with an immenie heap of rubbish, oow co- Tered with earth and overgrown with grass. Along the nave of the church are the bases of circular pillars, which were of ponderous size i in other parts are seen the remains of clustered columns. The Norman circular arch, and the elegant pointed one, are equally conspi- cuous throughout the building, forming a# interesting •combination of strength and beauty : the whole exhibits a grand picture of venerable decay, and an impressive S|»edroen of fallen greatness. The dimensions of the principal parts of this Abbey were as follow : the length of the interior of the church from east to west, 887 feet five inches ; thickness of the wall at the east end, four feet ten inches ; at the weft end, ten feet i width of the interior of the choir, twenty- eight feet I and of the nave, seventy feet; height of the side walls, fifty-four feet ; interior length of the traoscept, 130 feet J width, eighteen feet six inches. The chapter- V7KY ^ ;.';*% LSNgX AND TtLDEhJ FOUNOATIONt. -^.■•tV'^ £?f;?^c "^/-^^ ^ /rxm/l^H'^^. !• 'iV/ \ •- ** «•/ ',.,*...' I j' »h.'_l. ..'*.• 'i;«f .•<>• ' , i ••'. \:,! ^ b...: ■ H. •p.'..!... { •. * , . ; •. . :».- I • .' ..." ..-.. { i r .-1 I. t.. . n ■■ / * -a- •.••.;■;,. :-;sc» s; . ?•. . . . ;;.••. • ... ',■!;■ .i^^ -.-Y ' ••> y ' • • * • i-.irv \ i. '. V. rs\ '.T III- *:'.'• i.;;.-ir'*^ >\.*iv''s :\ ■« • i • - ' . r\'r;.-iit 'ji.J tile ;-">' . r to ihi ; .« . • •.'' • FURNESS abbey;- ftoute-was flixty feet long, forty-five feet six ilicbes wiit6^ and the thickness of the walls three feet six inches. The cloisters were thirty-one feet six inches wide, forming a quadrangle of 334 feet six inches by 102 feet six inches. The charch and cloisters were encompassed with a' wall which commenced at the east side of the great door ; and a space of ground containing sixty-five acres was sur- rounded by another wall which enclosed the Abbey mills,, together with the kilns and ovens, and steWs- for receiving fisli ;. the ruins of some of these are stiH visible. *' Adieu !. ye domes, by many an age array 'd In many a tint, though crumbling and decay'd ! Ye wrecks, adieu I that, murmuring from on high. To pensive pride a dumb memento sigh ! Still may your aisles, in hoary pomp sublime,. To new-born eras mark the lapse of time." This Abbey had nine others dependant on it. At- tiie dissolution its revenues, according to Dugdale, were valued at s£805:16; according to Speed, at ^£966:7: but as early as the reign of king Edward I. the rents were 9^1599 :8: 2, as asserted in a manuscript in the Manchester library. The Abbey was surrendered by Roger Pyle, the then Abbot, in the twenty-eighth of Henry VIII. who, for his compliance, received the rec- tory of Dalton; and. the monks to the number of twenty- PITKHBIB AB»BT. ; tktti a graot eq«al te ^900 ptr mnnum. The diiMtaliM of the Abbey gieatly afiected both the civil and deneiUc itate of Low FanwAe, which for se- Toml centaricfl had beea improTioji: in conteqaeaoe. The larfe deaiaad for proTitioBt of all kindi oceastoned by jeoMtaat hospital ityy and the freqaeat coaeoarse of con- paay retortl^K to the Abbey dropped at oace ; the boon aod rcott were aow no loqger paid ia kind, aad agricni- tare received a blow from which it is now bnt barely recovering. y i vT •s.X *MD 1, If ^ - ■ . , >f < . ' , .ir iTfj ■" ; a i • •• • vC •v* FURNESS ABBEY^ LANCASHIRE. HE venerable remains of this once osteniations monas- 4'y stand solitary, bat majestic, in the boioro of a loomy dell, shaded by an assemblage of sycamores, aks, and other noble trees. It owes its origin to kiof tephen, who founded it whilst earl of Montaign and talloign in 1187, and endowed it with rich domains: be foandation was afterwards confirmed and secured >y the charters of twelve successive monarchs, and the lulls of divers popes. The abbot of Fumess was In* f^ested with extraordinary privileges, and exercised jurls-= fiction over the whole district $ even the military were n some degree dependant upon him. A singular -cnstoai prevailed in this Abbey, distinct from every other of the )ame order — which was that of registering the names of such oftheir abbots only as, after presiding ten years, con* tiniied and died abbots there % thi^ register was called the Abbot's Mortuary : such of the abbots as died befo^ the expiration of the term of ten years, or were after it translated or deposed, were not entered In this book i' thus in the space of 277 years the names of only ten abbots vere recorded, though, according to some authors,' the real number was thirty-two or morei but though many Q of them for the reaioa above naoied were omitted la ihe register, they reeetved in other respecti the hoBoar dne to their rank. The local sitaation of the Abbey being fomridable by natnre, gave som^fatng of warlike conieqaence to the monks : they erected a watch-tower on the tammlt of a cpmaaadiag hill, which commeooeB its riie dobt the walls of the moao^tory, overlookiof ail Low Fnraesv and tlie i^rm of the seft immediately btioe^lh ii: thus thfcy wfre ab}p to prevent wiri>riae by alitnyiag the «4iac«ept coast with Bigpak OB the approach of ^n aaemy, Tbls Abbe; ifW^ dedicated IQ 8t. Ml^ry, imd received i^ nHHiM ff«B the vHHi^tery of Bftvigay, ib Nor«aBdy, who for foaie Uk^ coofor(M4 Kn the regi«li|tio9« qC their order^ woBrins U^ habit of fvryi bqt embrBciiv St. Beiaacd's rigid mlad, they phwged their habit, Bid bef^oio Cistecctaas : thw they cQBtiBBed till the fiuil dis^olntion of the no- imsftery. The eDtrapce to these roBii^nti« rBin^ is tbroasha l^ght pointed arch* festooned with ivy boBgiog graeeCiilly dftwp its cnimbliBg sides: hence the path, spvoBd wiU ffBgmeBts of deiolBtieB, wb^h are lotemiixed with a vfMriety of richly-tinted Miage, \fi9Af BlAQg raiBOUs walls, while tbe boU^W lounds of a gargling brook greatly coo* tribute tA i^e the mind into sqIobiq coatevftpiaii^A, '* Amid yoB leafy elm no tMr^e w«i)B ; ^9 early wwstwls wajfte tUo wiiidjIk&VBlesf BRINKBURN PRIORY. NORTHUMBERLAND. Briivkbven Priory, Oiree mites from Rothbury, hi Not- tbumberland, was fouuded by William de Bertram, baro» of MHford, io tbe reign of Heary I. It was debated to St. Pe4er, an^ tiibabited by Mack eaooiu, or canons t^ gnlar of the order t4 9t« Angustiae, from tbe monastery of St. Mary 4ie InfitTa. Tbe founder of this Priory endowed tt with lands out of bis wastes, which grants were con* firmecl by his lady Hawys, and Roger hid eldest son and heir. His grandson Roger bestowed farther 140 acres from bis waste lands in Bvenwood, wi^h a large propor^ tion of waste near Framliogtoa ; likewise liberty to take g;ame, and cat timber in his forests, for the necessary usev of tbe establishment. Prince Henry of Scotland, earl of Northumberlaad, enriched it with tbe reremie of a salt-work at Warks^ worth-; and in conjaactron with his son William de War«» re», of the family of the earls of Warren, by the motber^a side, and snrnamed aTter them, confirmed all its fiosses- rions and privileges. Tbey were also ecmfirmed by char* ters granted by Henry III. At the dissolaHon of reK- gious hoases it had ten canons ; its annual revenue was valued at ^£68 : 19 : 1 according to Dngdale, but by Speci \ umiNKBUBii pmiomY. at jf 77. The Priory was given by Edward VI. to Jofai, earl of Warwick, aod shortly after devolved to Geoi^ Fenwick, esq. of the aocieot fomily of the Fenwicks,of Fen wick Tower. lo the reign of Charles I. it was ifae property of George Fenwick. esq. a person of consider- _ able military talents, who was employed in the rank of a colonel by the parliament, and appointed to the govern- ment of Berwick-npon-Tweed. Brinkbum Priory is situated under a bill, on the eitremity of a peninsula, near the northern margin of the river Coquet : part of its walls are washed by the river. The opposite shore is bounded by a semicircular ridge of shaggy rocks, mantled with ivy, and beautified with a variety of plants and shrubs. The greater part of this venerable pile has been demolished, aod its church, which was in the cathedral form, has shared in the devastation. The materials were applied to the erection of a dwelliog- house, which is now in ruins. The square tower of the church, a small spire, many noble pillars and arches, and some of its side walls, with the dormitory belonging to the Priory, are the principal remains. These vestiges of monastic grandeur, a group of mouldering fragments, are richly varied with the tinU of time, and being in many parts overgrown with ivy and other evergreens, display an agreeable combination of objects impressively grand and olcturesque. ASToa, LCNOX AN» TiLDEN FOUNOATKHIt, t ' ^>J I *! 4 TYNEMOUTH MONASTERY, NORTHUMBERLAND. This monastery was founded by Oswald, king of Nor- thumberland, and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. ; It was several times plundered by the Danes — ^first towards the end of the eighth century 4 again by Hinguar and Hubba, in the reign of king Ethelred; and, lastly, in: the reign of king Athelstan. The defenceless monks, on the descent of the hordes under Uinguar and Hubba, fled for safety to their church, which the merciless enemy, set on fire and burnt to the ground, involving its hapless te- nants in the conflagration. This fabric laid in ashes till the reign of Edward the Confessor, when Toston, earl 06 Northumberland, rebuilt and endowed it for black canons ; it was dedicated to St. Mary and to St. Oswin, whose re- mains had been found under its ruins. From the time of its first foundation by king Oswald till the reign of Wil- liam the Conqueror, this religious house preserved its in- dependency. It was first made subject to Benedict Bis- cop*8 foundation at Girwy $ next to bishop GaHlepho*s at. Durham ; and, lastly, to St. Alban's, in Hertfordshire. The prior and canons of Tynemouth had twenty-seven villas in Northumberland belonging to them, with their royalties. They had also the lands of Royeley and De- TYNIMOVTH MORASTEET. nnm, with many other poflsesfiiom, all of which were Toofirmed to them by royal charters. The priory cburrh appears by it^ ruins to have been a very ma^ificent structure. At the east eod is ao oratory In tolerable preservation, havings its roof of stone entire, with many beautiful sculptures. On the priory bein; converted into a fortress it was ciflled Tynemouth Castle. The Scotch besieged and took it in 1644, during the disturbances in the reign of Charles I. The sum of £5000 was ordered by the parliament to re- pair this castle and other works at Newcastle. Colonel Henry Lilbume was made {governor of It, who, with those under his command, afterwards declared for the king, od th^ report of which at Newcastle, sir Arthur Hazelri^ immediately marched against them with a body of forces ; and wanting proper scaling ladders, they entered the port- holes of the castle in the face of the cannon, and after a smart engagement retook it. Colonel Lilburne and many others were slain, the rest received quarter. The present church of Tynemouth stands rather more than a mile west from the priory ; it was consecrated by bishop Cosins in the year 1668. The manor of Tynemouth now belongs to his grace the duke of Northumberland. * ^ y ,csj^ rmt VL '4 ;i /^•j'.rtiT of gj«H»r.;. Lir H o.c.lov » . e river tiT t» u f vs. \ • » 1 1 r , ^ ''^. j» t '« ♦: i ■n; uiiriout w*. ^^e^ , tl'<" 1,5 f at ^J-.lv I. Qi\ ibe ,;y .'^^v^cn tvfc jmly^t ill ! v.tr, ck V'ltiri 'N fc^**!*, 1 iif " is \cry 1. r » J ijt ^j»; ri.Mj» ..f>^ f;ni*£ v«i»rt of iVe f' X ;-;• i Ci.. . aiC of It.x i:4?^»* it Vjvv. ^- '-, . T tj ?:•' ■ *. Jm^^i »a^ .., tvi 'iC " ......-^v. .r. , a. • rint--;;. .. '•• ■•) -'^ *■'* ■ '• Vhz. ■> ..' ■ i: . :.- M ■or,' V.K;r.- • •»• .4' K- ., ■■. •: - n. i r ■TJ*- -•». . .. >^ M' . WARKWORTH CASTLE^ ^ORtHVMBE&LAND. T«is €aatle stands oo an eminepce aiyoiniqg; the MUib cad of the town of Warkwortb, and oTerloolis the rif.er Coqaet, which, at aboat the distance of a mile, enpties keelf into the lea. Accordim; to an ancient siirYey, the •CMtle ef WarlL worth, wUh its moat, contaioed ne^ five •«cre8 and a^aarter of gronnd. lU gneat gate is on the ^oa4h sMe, between two polygooai towen, defended with . aaaehicolaitioaB. The iseep, wbich is yery lofty, and «oiitatns.seq^e an^ifiecnt aparimeats, forms .part of the north front; its figure is a sqoare, with the angles roottded edT: near the middle of each fiice of ithis square is m turret, .prx^jectiag at right angles, its ead terminatii|g .io a -semi* hexagon : these .prcjectioas are of the same height as the rest of the Ibeep. Above it rises a high wtttdi'tower,'eommandiag.an almost boundless prospect. Waekworth was formerly the barony of Roger Fitz- Richard, who held it by the service of one knight's fee t it wasgtanted to him by king Henry II. He married Eleanor, one of the daughters and co-heirs of Henry de Essex, baron of Rayleigh and Clavering : Fits- Roger, his son, was confirmed in the grant of the fee of inheri- tance of the Castle and manor of Warkworth by king WAEKWOETR CASTLE. J olio. Ills grtAt grandBon, Robert Fitz- Roger, was at hU death saccecded iu the possession of this Castle by hU SOD Joho, who took upon him the name of Claverin^, leaviog the ancient fashion of framing sttmames oat of the Christian names of their fathers : this, according to Cam- den, was in obedience to an order made by Edward I. John de Clavering, In consideration of a grant for life of certain crown lands in the connties of Norfolk, Snifolk, and Northampton, made over to Edward II. the rever- sion in fee of his baronry and Castle of Warkworth, pro- vided he should die without issue male. This reversion Edward III. in the second year of his reign, granted to Henry de Percy and bis heirs, to be held by the accus- tomed services, and has, with some partial intermissions, remained a portion of the possessions of the Percys to the present time. The beautiful situation of this Castle rendered it for many ages the residence of the Percy family. Most of the earls of Northnmlierland down to the 16tb century, appear to have resided here wben their affairs required their presence in Northumberland; and their larger castle of Alnwick was then used rather as a military fortress than as a place of domestic abode. LiiKARY ATTon, LKNOX AND TILDE N FOuNOAnONi "' ■ t ( ••; ...... ,t. '■•'!. . . ^.'1* the thr> »'. WARKWORTH HERMITAGE, NORTHVMBBRLANB. This Hermita^ is in a high state of preservation, and contains three apartments, hollowed in the solid rock, overhanging the river Coquet in a picturesque manner, with a covering of ancient hoary trees, reliques of tiie venerable woods in which this fine solitude was formerly embowered, llie apartments forming the Hermitage have been styled the Chapel, Sacristy, and Antichapel. Of these the chapel is very entire ; but the two other» have suffered by the falling down of the rock at the west end. By this disaster, a beautiful pillar, which formerly stood between the sacristy and antichapel, was, within the last century, destroyed. The chapel is eighteen feet longTy and seven and a half wide, and executed in the pointed or English style of architecture. The sides are ornamented with octagonal piUars, cut in the rock, and branch off into the groining of the cieling. At the east end is an altar/ to which the priest ascended by two steps : these are much worn. Behind the altar is a small niche, which probably received the crucifix. Over thif niche is still to be traced the faint outlines of a glory. On the north side of the altar is the window, which acdmitted the light from the chapel into the pacriaty. WARKWOBTR HBRMITAQJS. wblch was a plain oblong room, rannin^ panlkl with the chapel, beini^ somewhat longer, bat not so wide. On the south side of the altar is another win^ dow ; and below it is a tomb, having three Itgures cut in the rock. The principal figure is a lady, reclining ; at her feet is a warrior, erect ; the third probably repre- sented an angel hovering over ; but tins, as well as the seeond, is much defaced. At the lady's feet, likewise, is an ox*s head. This was the crest of the Widdringtoa family, whose castle is but five miles from this Hermit- age. It is also the crest of the Nevilles, and two other ancient families in the north. On the outward face of the rock, near a small vesti- bule, in which it is supposed the Hermit frequenjtly me- ditated, is a winding staircase, cut also in the living stone, leading through an arched door to the tup of the cliff. Here was formerly an orchard: some straggling flowers, and a sohtaiy gooseberry-bush, which grow near the foot of the hill, point out where formerly was the Hermit's garden. A small building, at the foot of the cliff, now nearly destroyed, was his dwelling. The Hermitage of Warkworth has been celebrated by many ; but by none, in so pleasing a manner, as by Dr. Percy, in his ballad entituled the *' Hermit of Warkworth." AtTOft, ttN«X ANft TILDEN P«UNaATiONa. 4»» •■».,,'l . *,.!<. » ■ '•• • .1'*. .'; li . • < . ' It , r:-. 1-.;. r : ;.»vv. * of >;». .\ ' ' r'l i aj i:i, .n»i.. .< %' CALDER ABBEY, CUMBERLAND. Tbbse beautiful but smaU remains stand in a secluded ▼alley, through which runs the Gaidar, a small rivuletf that derives its name from falling down the Caldfell or Coldfell, an appellation truly congenial with the moun- tain's dreary aspect, . This abbey was founded by Ranulpb, earl of Chester and Cnmberland, about 1134, and belonging to that severe order of ecclesiastics the Cistercians. At the dissolution, it was granted to Thomas Leigh, LL.D. and passed through various bands, till it came into the possession of J. T. Sen- house, esq. a gentleman of genuine classic taste, whose elegant villa is erected contiguous to the ruin, the preser- vation of which has been strictly observed, without dis- figuring its venerable appearance by modern innovations : the pleasure grounds being planted with forest trees, in a judicious style of landscape gardening, embosom the ivy- clad walls in pleasing seclusion. How uninteresting would the modernized temple, the flimsy pavillion, or the fashionable obelisk appear, if put in competition with these mouldering vestiges of ancient magnificence t The tower of the Abbey church was supported by clustered pillars sustaining pointed arches t these are the CALDBft ABBBT* priodpBl raBBlM of this oaee d^giBl itractare,. wkkh, tfemagk but of smU dlmcarioB^ mm evidently biult b the coUcflBte fens. The Brchci that lepMBted the lidb Biilei freai the body of the cherch are ia part remaiafais, aad iady nuwtled with Ivy i mbm littfe of the donten ■ay yet be ttaeed, and naneroat vestiges of aacicBi •calptaM lenaiBi thoagh greatly i^aied by the eomdl^ haadof Uae* w heee gradnal tooeh Has MoaMei'd lata beaaty oMuiy a tewer» Which whcB it frowa'd with aU Its bataeMeaH Waa aaly to nib le. ■ ■ Ma ton. v>LX) To;v> «:m . ; i: The bU: •/: V .>t v.., .*:.'. ihiatk, 111 tne ce -.i.: ii.{ -U to AUm- L'M^ =. ..h iue < a St \!«^t^«- ■ . i ander f«er;r*juouth, i f cieiitTy uj'.u'-. •<*«•• -t. ■ a.eJ l^id ihC t HI '»W •.» I ^Xj it ul.O hi aaemba.^>>t <»'>ii vv-.:„ v •. in^ rcmdJuett unfin • J. ' ' Uenrv ' . ten, ..- ' ■. «t.>rk, ami ^'Jvve i^t.. perfectio... but n'*r- ,♦' '/.»♦• "« •;C itioUtrv, tliat cit»nt Dbicx'ta .'T ■ U..l)iv' V^ .f .:x thai p"i :.i. *.j jjanb tUe mi.i aaJ •^ri:V OA« .» the*.'' : d'.staitv. As iherf was net! ;,jjr ab"it ll»..an. ♦l"' L*ir* vt • I .*r % S'^y: OLD TOWN CHURCH, OR CATHEDRAJb, ABERDEEN^ ARBRDSENSHIRE. Ths bishoprick of Aberdeen was originally founded at Bfurthlacky in the county of Banff: the see was trans- lated to Aberdeen in the year IIST, by king David I.. The Cathedral was began about the year 1165, and dedi- cated to St. Marchar. In 1^6 the then Ushop, Alex- ander Kennimouthy not thinking the Cathedral suffi- ciently magnificent) caused it to be pulled down, and laid the foundation of one more superb; but before the work was much advanced, he was sent, by the king, on. an embassy, and dying soon after his return, the build- ing remained' unfinished, till the accession of bishop Henry Leighton, in 1424, who added greatly to the work, and gave large sums of his own towards its perfeetion. This Cathedral suffered much at the reformation,, but more at the revolution ; so violent was the rage of the covenanters, during thitt period, against all manner •f idolatry, that perhaps the sun and moon, very an- cient objects of worship, owed their safety to their distance. As there was nothing about the Cathedral worth carrying away, they wreaked their vengeance OLD TOWN CHURCIf, OE CATHEDRAL, ABEEOESK. ■pon tbe stones and timber. The high altar-piece^ of the finest workmanship of the kind in Europe, which had hitherto escaped every violence, was hewed to pieces, by order, and with the aid, of the parish minister. The carpenter, awed by the sanctity of the place, and struck with the noble workmanship, refused to raise his hand against it, till the more than Gothic priest took the hatchet from bis hand, and struck the first blow. The wunscoting was richly carved and orna- mented with different kinds of crowns at the top, admirably cut. The Cathedral had a grand cross aisle and a fine tower, which fell down in the year 1688, having been undermined by the soldiers of Cromwell, for stones, to build a fort. By the fall of the tower, the rest of the Church was much damaged. The present remains con- sist of two spires, 112 feet high, and the nave 1S5 feet by 04, inside measurement. It has a handsome window at the west end, and on the ceiling are painted, in three columns, forty-eight armojrial bearings. -u^AAli^f iggltM '^■|.ii'i;iii:mi:ii:i !,'ii ^ ■'.)•' ■<:*[\ CROSS AT ABERDEEN, ABERDEENSHIRE. Aberdeen is a populous and trading city, of consider^ able ma^itude, situated in the north of Scotland, about 120 miles from Edinbuiig^h. The market-plaee is a large oblong square: on its north side is the town-house, with a handsome spire, and adjoining to the town-house is the Tolbooth, a square tower, 180 feet high ; also surmounted by a spire. Since the year 1800, several new streets have been opened by act of parliament, facilitating the approach to th^ town in eveiy direction : they are built over other streets, on arches. The grammar school is a low building: the appoint- ^ments are for a rector and three teachers, who are libe- rally supported. The number of charitable institutions are considerable : the chief of them are, the poor-house, lady Drum's hospital for old unmarried women, and Gordon's hospital, founded in 1733. The infirmary, a large plain building, is supported by voluntary subscrip- tion, coUeclions, and donations. The number of pa- tients annually relieved is about 900. A little east of the city, on the site of a fortifica- tion built there by Oliver Cromwell, are the barracks. CROSS AT AfiERDEEN. •fected in 1799 : they are capable of accommodatii^; about 600 men. Reli^ous establishments have been numerous here, but only four of them are particularly noticed in history: Ist, a convent of Mathurines, of the order of the Trinity, founded by kin^ William the JLyon — 9d, the Black Fryars monastery, founded by Alexander II.— 3d, the Observantine prior}', founded by the citizens of Aberdeen and other private persoDS~- 4tb, the Carmelite, or White Fryars monastery, founded in 1350 by Philip de Arbuthnot. Near the centre of the city is a handsome Cross, the most complete of the kind in Scotland ; it is an octan- gvUds stone building, ornamented with bas-relievos of the kings of Scotland, from James I. to James VI. : it has a Corinthian column in the centre, upon which is a urn- com. ASTOR, UeNOK ANt I t TILDEN FOUNOATIONi. j \ ' ut\^ > (..*f i/Luf hiXi 'in: v\. *' ,r fe- »*!.:; to \i'v'l?t.e ^<'J by M....bm Fr- u Krd cljanc-U-.r of I' r«» 01 t^'! «".t'S:i •.•<.e. J M- v.l, ;., .-it '.'..Tt i.iil i';i\ A •♦ •-| '.'.it* ••-;.« i\r 'Ifjj- vi-? ,'.' ' tKo ■■rl!j'J^«-»^ .it til' tJnu ot li 4-i\ I'is j»N'.'»J'lt, ai J ' IsC.'XOu .'u» roof, ',\\u\ ^ak-:r .M?f \\i*i ' » /i ^cotl.Dal, in the r»-i;;i- of J.»pv i i »»no Jorrf pri"> ••' -»! ,:? tl»« ttuic vr iV u'c ^ , a ptr^. ii ;'f hh. h rnnneuct, tint \i:.-r.-«. :"i*»ily b< 'iv\ •l 1*' il . •. deov.'iic was presaj;, .1 ';y van,-, < ut*-:;:;,"^, ^ii(\ '!.. i. ,.iw»r:\'fural voict.'s> V »..■•' I e\ri: a Ms .i;t» nnoul. ho'ik-. 'uTt* ^re Joi • 'iV,*'^ j-a'slr .. • '. if". 3ri dV ili^'iotJ*- P*^- |v..' .i.o'jk'ol,, ii\ i:S87 ihi: \>S i.scxv -Ic uli'' v..ot* , nndtb( i;i':iCir.i^f, for ikr-d tin •:, v^'-v j^ood), .\;.^\v;ii. yiAh LUL\.\ut paiulings uj/or, the iii:t.':^!-i. .' \ vrc jfr, \:t^v\s,b*2y a MS catiij:;ue of the «»ld treasury •* the KING S COLLEGE, ABERDEEl^, ABERDEENSHJR E, This College is built in a quadran^ar form, with dois-- ters on the south side. The chapel is veiy ruinous- within, but there still remains some wood-work, of ex* quisite carving. This was preserved by the exertions of the principal, at the time of the reformation, who arm- ed his people, and checked the furious zeal of thte barons of the Mearns, who* after stripping the cathedral of its roof, and taking away the bells, were going to violate this seat of learning. The College was founded* in 1494 by William EP- phinston, bishop of this see, and lord chancellor of Scotland, in the reign of James UL and lord privy seal: in the time of James IV. He was a person of such, eminence, that his cotemporaries firmly believed that his decease was presaged by various- prodigies, and that supernatural voices were heard at his interment. The College library is large. The most remarkable books here are John Trevisa's translation of Higdon's Po-- lychronicon,.iii 1387 (the MS is excellently wrote, and the. language, for that time, very good) , and a very neat Dutch, missal, with elegant paintings upon the margin. There 'u, likewise^ a. MS catalogue of the old treasury of tb« EINO't COLLBOXy ABSBDBBIT. College. Hettur Boctfalof was the first prindpal of this place: be was aent lor from ParU, lor that purpose, and recehred au ananal aabty of fortj marks Soots, at IS^each. The square tower, on the side of the College, was built by contributions from general Monk and the offi' cers under him, then ifuartered at Aberdeen, for the reception of students, of which there are about 100 be- longing to the College, who have lodgings here. In bishop Elphinston's hall is a picture of bishop Dunbar, who finished the bridge of Dee, and com- pleted eveiy thing else that his predecessor had began. Besides this, there are portndts of Forbes, bishop of Aberdeen, and professors Sandiland and Gordon, bj Jameson* ♦ - u »«*' . ■ . , • ' li.i' >i;u' .-.rJ-;* biit jIh' '»a; i is {•*• D 2 PART OF NEW ABERDEEN, ABERDEENSHIRE. That part of the city of Aberdeen which is situated near the mouth of the Dee, is called New Town, or New Aberdeen. The two rivers. Dee and Don, at their influx into the sea, are distant about a mile and a quarter; the intervening space is mostly occupied by regular streets and buildings, which, altogether, form the city of Aberdeen, old and new. The Dee, which abounds with excellent salmon and trout, is navigable so far up as the harbour of Aberdeen, into which ships of 200 tons burden, if properly constructed, may come. Vessels of ten feet draught may proceed, at high water, as far as the upper quay, but this convenience has existed only since building the north pier, for before that time the river was not only much shallower at the mouth than at present, but, after a storm from the east or north-east, was liable to be blown up with sand, which formed a bar, at the depth of little more than three feet from the «ur£EU!e, and proved a great obstruction to the entrance of large vessels. The water is, by meanA of the north pier, not only confined and deepened to eighteen feet and upwards, but the harbour is sheltered, in a great measure, from the storm. Below the Town Quay are D 2 PAVr 07 KBW ABBBOBBII. two hirbomty one on the north and the otiier on the south tide of the river, to hoth of which ahips of nrnch Inifer hmdenthan thoee abeedy mentloDed here acceis. The present bridge of Dee was boilt hy the magiitntes and town-councfl of Aberdeen, in the year 1794, and is esteemed one of the neatest in Scotland. The prindpal olgects seen in the annexed View are the Castle Hall, the Barracks, ToU-both, and the Cus- tom-house. The infirmary of Aberdeen was in part completed in the year 1748, by the townsmen : an addition was made to the house in 1745, by which they were able to admit a g^vater number of patients, and afterwaids, from the increased number of applicants for admission, they were under the necessity of adding another wing : this was done in 1757, and in 1779 they obtained £roB the crown a charter of incoiporation. -'^'iSSirZ ^ if L J{ j>x •- V * .y i /: , cr«-it'- •* J . (.M r. ^»IJ «-' ■..••• I Xi^ i"''''.'ii, xUe L' u • • • • • r, r..*ii •» e'liji' '* i"* ii ■ •• • » .'! :• • . C- • .ou. '»a' ik ..< .: / f I-.' r < ,. ..,.r. .-Pi-l '/.I th** p.'- •« .,', ! • • ■ ' rM'tjTvi. P. a.J'J |..- ./.t' ' ^ » I t, l»Hrl'%, al:*j v*."l./' J:, ..-I ' '.' * of A.". ''- •''(' =-.*'■« '» M. rf- • ► . song. 'i'U»* ueifr-'t *j',., . • t> tlt:sr SUr^iHiU. , :.. ■ . , • -A»it:** t ^ • ••-'h' •• . -l on' tUi.> *»<-•: U It.; J- ^ . t HI'S, *vl.j f ABERGELDIE, jiBERDEENSHIRE9 The seat of P. Gordon, esq. is about forty-six miles west from Aberdeen. Tbe bouse, consisting of an ancient tower, and an edifice of more modem istructure, is built upon the south bank of the river Dee, on an elevated plain, screened on the north and east by lofty mountains. This plain, Mr. Gordon's private farm, is in the highest state of cultivation, and produces the richest crops of wheat, barley, and other grain. It is bounded on the east and west by large plantations of forest trees, which ]grow in great perfection, particularly tbe birch-^2^e Birk» of JtbergeUUe have long been celebrated in high- land song. The nearest mountains are clothed with wood to their summits, aflfording shelter, and an exten- sive range to multitudes of deer of various descriptions : here, too, in some of the most inaccessible cliffs, the «agle builds his nest. The Dee abounds with salmon axkd trout ; and with its tributary streams, which wind through the neighbouring vallies in every direction, gives ample sport to the angler. The countiy to the south rises with gradual ascent, and opens into wide-extended beaths, richly stocked with all kinds of moor game. The l»ro6pect on this side is terminated by the precipice of LoduMftfy one of the moft sublime obfecU of highUnd •oenefjr. Iti hollow sides are girt with ctemal wreath of snow ; and its peaked top, attracting the paasiiiff clouds, presents a fimtastical variety of forms, on which the imagination delights to dwelL Here the shy pUr- migan finds its solitary domain, rarely cBstuibed liy the tread of human foot. '.;-, ^'^-^^^o^.^5* :°^''^^r;::r. ^c^ .K J». .•*..» t- V' ,v ■>•.:, 1 '•. i.« {..It -i»-f "x ;•..'.«••, •',' f .!>'• . . i, M' ' ..-VI* «} ;■ !>:;»; ,. lu' ~ 'u{i:i- -'^ I- '. '"I .> tr"i-. \t.\ >' ' ti.« . r !i . w ; a^'-i ;< .WiH ."• .. . • I. V ',-.f:. -1 . -.• ' . . 1 M'^iT' ..i.ti •• • . - 1*'. ♦Irs* "\ 3 ''..• <• ' •i •>: I V-. SV ' »'. ■ " ■ " .1 ..«! -T , .\ < 1 '.♦:"(' ; 1 >>!>;».*' IMf- ANCIENT COFFIN LID AT AKDCHATTAN, ARGYLE8HIRE. Of the ancient priory of Ardchattan, founded in the thirteenth century by John M'Dougal, some consi* derable remains still exist) forming the residence of D» Campbell, esq. : the principal part of the edifice was destroyed by fire a short time before the Restoration, and the present dwelling, which was the hall of the monas- tery, was fitted up soon afterwards. Among other remains of the ancient interior is a curious recess with a groined roof, called the friar's closet ; several windows, with the tracery Mmost entire, and the greater part of the chapel, continue to mark the architectural style of this establish- ment : the principal part of the site is now used as a bu- rial ground, in which are several ancient monuments. . The relic here represented was discovered in this ce- metery a little lower than the surface of the earth, a few years ago ; and it now remains uncovered for the inspec- ^on of the curious ; it contains an inscription in Latln^ translated as follows : *< Here lie M'Dougal and Duncan, also Dougal their successsor, the first two of whom de- scended from the same father and mother ; but Dougal, who erected this monument^ was by a former umoDj he >died in the year 1502/' ANCnSIT COPPIN UO AT AIDCHATTAK. In thit dittriet stood the funons city ofBeregoniam : It wit dtuated between two hiUs, one called dmn mmend- dkmn, *' the hill of Soacbui's son :" and the other, nnidi superior in heig^ht, is named dun hhail an righ^ ** the hill of the king's town." A street paved with common stones, running from the foot of one hill to the other; Is still called the Market Street, and another place, at a little distance, is named the Meal Street. A few years ago a man cutting plats in a moss between the two hills, found one of the wooden pipes that conveyed the water from one hill to the other, at the depth of five feet below the surface ; no traces of any distinct buildin^^ or forti- fications are to be found on either side of the hills, the foundations having been dog up for the purpose of erect- ing houses in the neighbourhood. There is a tradition among the lower orders that this city was destroyed by fire from Heaven. • ^h ^ V ^^1%^.^ ''"'^'^■^'T^l '^RAnr (Z/u^ofUmaUcK ^^^^.^^7^^-^^ LINCLUDEN COLLEGE, DUMFRIES-SHIRE, aiKChVDEV College, great part of which is still re- paiDing, stands upon a romantie and sequestered spot, ;fithio a mile and a half north-west from Dumfries. It flras founded by Uthered, father to Rolland, who was ord of Galloway during the reign of Malcolm IV. ; the fottoder placed here a convent of nuns of the Benedictine order. This religious establishment he endowed with large possessions of land, situated within the baronies of Corse Michael and Drumslith, in the stewartry of Kirk- cudbright ; the names of these lands may be found in Grose's Antiquities of Scotland. It appears, that shortly after the settlement of these Benedictine nuns, the severe and strict injunction imposed upon the order became ex- tremely burdensome to them, and the laxity of discipline was at length so visible, as to occasion the remonstrances of Archibald the Grim, earl of Douglas, who, being a man of singular piety, was greatly incensed at the immo- rality of their conduct ; but finding that bis admonitions were disregarded, he expelled them a short time prior to the year 1400. He afterwards established in their room a College, which consisted of a provost and twelve beadsmen ) many of the principals of this College were IiIIICI.DOBir COLLE6B. nen of cooMqaence and rank, and tome of them bare held high offices io the adinioiilnitioa of the Scotish goferameDt, etpecially John Cameron, appointed pro- vost in 1429: he was secretary to Archibald, fourth earl of Douglas, and on the restoration of James I. wai made first lord privy-seal, and the keeper of the great seal. He was afterwards elected to the bishopric of Glasgow, and passed through many other great offices ia church and state $ bat, upon the murder of his patron James, be was displaced from his cbaocellorsbip, and soon after retired to his episcopal see, when he bpiltthe tower of the palace, over which his escutcheon and arini were lately to be seen : he died on the eve of Christmas 1446. The first provost was named Elise; be was soc- ceedad by Alexander Cairns, who was chancellor to earl Archibald the fourth : of the other heads Cameron, who has been already noticed, seems to have been the most distinguished. The last provost was John Douglas of Boatford, on whose demise, in the year 15^, Lincloden was made a temporal barony, and formed part of the possessions of the family of Nithsdale. It is at this time the property of 'William Hagerston Maxwell Constable, esq. by his marriage with lady Winifred Maxwell, heirea of the ancient family of that name. Some judgment may be formed of this College in iti prosperous state by an inspection of its present remains. The earls of Douglas, when wardens of the west marshes, expended great sums in beautifying and adorning this TIL06W FgOWmnoM^ -'■}-'■'■'■: . /vAY'.'/v/ AV//v'' C-^'-^^/7/r.'/!'/(- X.I1ICLU9IN COLLB«E* , l&ce : it Is fiiH&bed in the iiiie«t style of Alie fiorid Gothic rehitectiire ; the windowB are richly oraanijeiited with 'aicery work, and though the buildtng U rather low, aad oilt with a reddish stooe, it certainly is a specimen of lonastic elegance, which, coiiiidering its size, has rarely een equalled, and perhaps never exceeded. Its interest I considerably heightened by thebeaaty af .the scenery Toond it* — ** These were thy haunts, thy opulent abodes^ ) Superstition ! hence the dire disease Balanc*d with which the fam'd Athenian pest Were a short liead-ach, were the trivial pain Df transient indigestion) seizM mankind. ^ Lof^ time she rag*d, and ficaire a southern ^ale WarRi'dour chill air, unloaded with the threats Of tyrant Rome ; but futile all-, till she, Rome's abler legate magnify'd their powV« And in a thousand horrid forms attir'd* Where then was truth to sanctify the page Of British annals? if a foe expir*d, The perjurM monk siiborn'd infernal shrieks And fiends to snatch at the departing soul With hellish emulation: if a friend. High o'er bis roof exultant angels tune Their golden lyres, and waft him to the skies." Within the chapel of Lincluden College, on the wall, is a magnificent monument to the memory of Margaret> LIirCLVDEir COLLEGB* dasgbter of Robert, the third king of Scotland, and wife of Archibald, earl of Douglas and doke of Teroaan, son of Archibald the Grin before aieDtiooed. Part of tlie vpper roof It itUl in ezbtence i the lower one was a- tirel J demolished at the Reformation. Attached to the College stands the tower, which was formerly the residence of the provost : its erection is of a more recent date than the College itself. This, as weH as the rest of the buildings, are so mach in ruins as to lie no longer tenable. Near the tower an artificial mount liai been thrown up, but for no obvious purpose, unless to afford an advantageous prospect of the surrounding sce- nery. On the road from Dumfries to Moffat these raiss may be seen on the left, and, aided by the circumjaceot country, which is well cultivated and watered by tlie meanderings of the river Clouden, it has a picturesque and pleasing effect. » '. ■•- f l^VV/r ...... . . !..i . :. . i : . .V ;. > ....... U.J..: • ^ 1* I '■ . •!. . : : •• • U-^ • . .. . .'••If' il: Aicat revenues and ST. ANDREWS, FIFMSHIREy ^8 an ancient royal borough, once the metropolis of Scotland, an archiepiscopal see, and still the seat of the oldest Scottish university. It is about a mile in circuit, pleasantly situated on a bay, into which the rivers Eden and Kenlowie empty themselves. It was erected into a royal borough by David II. and the confirmation of their privileges, by a charter from Malcolm IL is still pre- served in the town-house. Here are also kept the silver keys of the city. The university was founded in 1411, by bishop Wardlaw. It consists of two colleges, viz. the united college of St. Salvator and St. Leonard j and the New, or St. Mary's college. The retired situation of St. Andrews, its distance from all places of fashionable resort, and, above all, the celebrity of the university, as a school of morals and philosophy, renders it, perhaps, the most eligible place of education for students which Scotland affords. The ruins of the ancient religious establishments give some idea of the former magnificence of this ancient city. The walls of St. Rule's chapel, and the square tower, still remain. The Augustine priory, founded in 11S2, by Alexander I. and endowed with great revenues and •T« ANDBEWS. extenthe dependencies, still exhibits proofs of its ancient prmndeur. Part of the prion and sub-priors houses yet remain. A4)oittln( t» the pHbiy, alt the ruins of the cathedral, which was demolished by a mob, inflamed by one of John Knox*» leniions. Both towers at the east end are still standinf^. On the north tide of the town, on a rock, over- lookinff the sea, are the ruins of a castle, built by bishop Trail in 1401 ; and afterwards the residence of cardinii Beaton, or Bethune, who was murdered here by Lesly and others. The entrance ii still entire; and tiie window b shewn, from which the cardinal witnessed the martyrdom of George Widhart, who was bomt on a spot beneath. From the castle, westward, there anciently ran a street, called the Swallow Street, sud to be the residence of the merchants: it is now a public Walk. There are three principal streets running^ nearly from west to east. On the south side of the south street is the much-admired ruin of a chapel, belonging to a convent of Grey Friars : the roof is a continuation of the walk formed into a Gothic arch. Within the boundaries of this conrent is the public grammar school and school- house. At the west end of the north street was a con- tent of Black Friars, of iVhich nothing now remains but a part of the garden walls. »>»*ta'!^'u^i to»v«r . >,. • ».. h "' '..•••. ..•: ,» . . ". 1i •> fj j»l;.re n.ir'K .••'^i .'• *..*•■,•.,;... r.i • flj«' n^urf"' \ of ^fr -•■•'.' '• • •% ;'..;. i • / lur.r.t jjsi^lit at «;»•* !'-.:' «» ■ i>:ii* 'I •'.*•• ;> '^.- . - ' . ,' -.i • ;,; • o^ the \\ ■• ou*} Macbt.Msl, ; 4 V T. '!:; j.^ '..•.• j/'. •!.. •:»..- .. GLAMES CASTLE, FORFARSHIRE, ' Olames, dr Glammis Castle, originally coDsisted of twir rectangular towers, with walls of great thickness, con- nected by a square projection, and together forming a figure something like the letter Z ; saving that in the 'Castte all the angles were right ones. It is a place much celebrated in history, principally for the murder of Malcolm II. who fell hereby the hands of assassins, in a passage still shewn to strangers. It might at the time be part of the possessions of the family of the famous Macbeth, who tells us through the mouth of Shakespear, " By Siners death I know I am Tha&e of Glames.'* This Sinel being, as Boetheus informs us, father to the tyrant. Probably after Macbeth's death it became for- feited, and added to the possessions of the crown ; for, OD the accession of Robert II. it was bestowed on sir John Lyon. The most ancient part of this Castle remaining is a tower, which has received the addition of little round turrets, with grotesque roofs ; and a great round tower in GLAMSS CA8TI.B. Me Afigie, wkich wif b«iU in tbe year 1606 hy the rcstercc of the Cattle, Patrick earl of Ki^om, in order to cw- tain a ipiral staircate» one end of the steps restii^ on « light hollow pillar, continoed to the npper story. On the great gate of the inner coart are bailastiadei of stone, adorned with statnes i and In the toort are Ibar liraien statues, lafg^r than life, on pedestals : James VI. •of Scotland and I. of filmland In his stole i Charles L «i minted by Vandyke i Charles II. in a Roman dreti; and James II. as at Whitehall. The honse is very h'lgk, Tonsisti^g of a tower In the middle wHh two wiflgi, aal « tower at each end % the whole abovje 90O feet brood. The stairs from tlie entry to the top of tbe house comiit of 143 stepi, of which the great stairs, where Awe people can mount abreast, are eighty-six, each of one stfUK. Oo the flnt aoor are thirty-eight rooms. The hall, which was finished in 1691, is a. handsome room with a covered deling, and is adorned with family pictures ; l>ehind the hall is a chapel, remarkable for ifa^ elcg^^ue of Its auchi- tectnre. This Castle standi in jthe middle of a .weU-pUntcd .|>ark, with aT^ewiei cat in ¥ari V^ ':* • Ji^- . * .' • . .Ivil R'ul '^i-vr ■•')•. * • •. :• pKa^aui: 'i^'i.'. sirr • . • ^ ,.• ti. ;tn. :■ ;.t .- -t ■ •• . ..%de the ' • .'v . ' • • .'...■■• .-yq, lit- . i.l i'i5 . , 1. ■..'» itii.d .'I •:,o'. ro.lfJi*i.. - , ' . - ..1 . o ■ 1-1 '!.*- S-autifiii i-t''-" • • *^ '^^ •'''•' • ■■ • ' :^ ;.Tt:K .-i •; ,\i .; • . . 1. •'.. ••.-> •• r .-r. .**- •\ ^r •• ■ " ' : • • * • :./.«l, runs vji .»,*. *. ,.,..•• DRUMTOCHTY, KINCJRDINE SHIRE. Drumtochty is situated about five miles from tlie town of Lawrence Kirk. The house> which is a modern build- ing in the Gothic style, was erected by the present pro- prietor, — — Drummpnd, esq. upon the site of a farm of the sfLxne name, which was inhabited by the late lord Gardenstown, one of the judges of the supreme courts of civil and criminal law in Scotland. The house stands in a pleasant dell, surrounded with woods, and at a short distance rises the brown mountain of Strath-JineUa, one of the ancient queens of Scotland, well known for the legendary tales of her spells and witchcraft. Dr. Beattie, who was born at Lawrence Kirk, has made the scenery of this place the subject of his de« scriptive verses. His biographer, sir William Forbes, says, he had a never-fuling resource in his own mind ia those meditations which he loved to indulge amidst the beautiful and sublime s^^enery of that neighbourhood (Drumtochty), which fiimbhed him with endless amuse- ment. At a small distance from the place of his resi- dence, a deep and extensive glen, finely cloathed with wood, runs up into the mountains; thither he frequently repaired^ 'and there some of his earliest pieces were MioirrocHTT. written. Fmmb that irild and romantic spot he drew, as from tha life, tome of the fineit descriptions and most beautiful pictures of nature in his poetical compositions. He has been heard to say, for instance, that the descrip' tlon of the owl, in his charming poem on Retirement, Whence the scar*d owl, on pinions gray. Breaks from the rustling boughs. And down the lone vale sails away To more profound repose. was drawn alter real nature. The same author sa^, A beautiful landscape which he has magnificently described in the fiOth stansa of the 1st book of the Minstrel, cor- responds exactly with what must have presented itself to his poetical imagination on those occasions at the ap- proach of the rising sun, as he would view the grandeur of that scene from the hill in the neighbourhood of bis naiUve village. TlLOEtt FOUNOATlOwa. 1(« I. LOCHLEVEN CASTLE, KINROSS-SHIRE. Tub Castle of Loch-leven stands towards the north-west part of the lake, on an island about an acre and three quarters in extent, and is -encompassed with a rampart of stone, nearly of a quadran^lar form. The principal tower, a kind of square building, stands upon the north wall, very near the north-west comer, and there is a lesser^ round one at the south-east. . The other apartments were arranged along the north wall, between the tower and the north-east corner. A kitchen, sup- posed to have been built later than the rest of the Castle, stood on the west wall, near the south-west corner; and another building, supposed to have been the chapel, between that and the great tower fronting the south. In the lower part of the square tower is a dungeon, with a weU in it. Above the dungeon is a vaulted room, which, from the appearance of the effects of smoke on the jambs of the chimney, seems to have been used as a kitchen. No date or inscription appears on any part of the buildings, excepting only the letters R. D. and M. £. probably the initials of sir Robert Dou- glass "and Margaret Erskine, his wife. The whole circuit of the rampart is 585 feet. It is generally understood that LOCH-LBTEN CASTLE. the roof was taken off the Castle about a century ago; some part of which, particularly that of the loand tower, is said to have been repaired by sir William Bruce. In this place, the unfortunate Mary queen of Scots was kept a close prisoner, and suffered, from the 16th June 1567 to the 2d May 1568, aU the rigour and mise- ries of captivity. Those who have seen the ruins of this place, will be pleased with the justness and beauty of the following description : No more its arches echo to the noise Of Joy and festive mirth. No more the glance Of blazing taper through its windows beams. And quivers on the undulating wave: But paksd stand the melancholy walls, Lash*d by the wint'ry tempests, cold and bleak. That whistle mournful through the empty halls. And piece-meal crumble down the towers to dust. BrnucE. y.i .-v. 'V .> .. '. I'h'- ft ^^'.if. LANERMSBIBBi Tkis b^Antlftd Gothk dtmeture stamtfii on ah etevsted ftitttatiofi: tfiii principal entrance w now blocked nj^, and never, indeed, presented an app^sirance eori^[)bnd» tftlt to the tk^ of the building. One tower only li now i^emaming:; bnt ^e most be^tifbl and mn^Aificent fea- ture is the spire, which is of a considerablii bright ; thfe thuiscepts are likewisfe bold and lofty, having windows - of cariouft workmanship : the interior of the boiUKng. itxQch disappoints a stranger, who, instead of beholding what may be expected from its outer appearance, is disgusted with the unseemly partitions which divide thfe cfabreh into portions for different cdngregatioils. l*he building W2t&. in great danger of Boing defhti- Hsbed in t5Td, by certain ministers, who, in their rage ibr refOrination, to effect its destruction, ftss^mbled, by beat of drum, a great nxuHitade of the rabble; but' tfa^ more sensible part of the people, unwilling to lose ^6 great an ornament to their dty, opposed these zeisdots, declaring th^they would perish under the ruins, rather than tamely suffer such a sacrilege^ upon which tiie mob immediately dispersed. GLASGOW CATHEDRAL. The dimensions of the Cathedral^ wbich is the most f'ntire in Scotland, are as follows : — ^length 284 feet, 05 broad ; its height, within the walls, 90 feet. To this church belonged thirty-nine prebends, who were obliged to reside here, and supply the cure of their respective parishes in the country with curates or vicars. The pre- beudal houses, after the reformation, were chiefly be- stowed upon the favourites at court -. one of them is now used as a house of correction. Of the archbishops of Glasgow since the reform v tion, Robert Leighton made the most considerable figure. He was bom in England, though of Scots ex- traction : it is supposed that he retired to Scotland, in consequence of the severities inflicted upon his father, for publishing a book called *' Zion*s Plea against Pre- lacy." He was consecrated bishop of Dunblane, by the bishop of Winchester, in 1661, and, after eight years faithful discharge of the duties of that station, was translated to Glasgow. Being a man of extraordinary humility and self-denial, his exaltation was by no means congenial to his disposition : he therefore made pressing solicitations to be freed from the charge, and his resig- nation was accepted in 1674, after which he lived for some time very recluse in the college of Edinbuigfai whence he withdrew into England} where he died in 1681. TILDES FOuNQAHONi * of (i»i* S.- : uitii r". ;. . . tfl :"!♦ /• ; . ?! •> t lU- ,..«'»-.n» »H dirii. ••to \ .••.'5 A L* .1 dii. ! •*; '.«• ♦•upside' •' .»j.:w\ t<" - l>fo:.-; n- ^! • ** ».■ "■ • p. Ji'.vt o:i i*.» v v'jt ''v flsi h«Jr-j lit vv;\i»n tiic- 'V<'re t»m'i*r!^ j"*. '>i. 'i '*'• ^'uri ■- I,,'. /*'"• ( »m tf)<: if'trh is .i ;j}»o»-('. i / n»-tn i.u . ••j'>.t,.j .r ,.io-..' - <>»■ :J. ' :t*.t '.he oil:. : ' :• ih. \ ■•t -• ih- --He. '^ i - j» ». . '• ''s ilf-Mii'ik. ill ). > ' ;'■ : n M'.' 1.. \,(t /• , ;'{■. .. .."• ' I' '.■•'•\' oJ t!. • O"! > •; ..kPi »i';' ;» 5- :. . >...... ..' .','5-.- to J)f:io''(i'J ' •T •}?»;.•. • '... • .a -* sttt s .. . i'» f.Mjfv' rii« Tnfi LttWHIt AMB. TILDEN FOUNOAriONi J . ..>' YORK i :..':,.: J LliKARY AiTOR, LSNQX ANi TILO£N FOUNOATtONi. ATTOR, LENOX *wo L r 1 i L ■^.M"' ■ ^^■11 'ff ^^^1 ^^^^^S^aifew- , yl| - 'If i» 1 -r- ^^^^^^^HV^SA Br ~'h''^^^l ^^^^B ^^1 ■1^' ^M ^* 1 ^■i^W'^ isEi£iV«^.iiaM^ a ... .-..J \ _J f; U N n T. .K \ i.. ;'* I.. '..• il t » }/♦* <.' .*.'«: ' »; s- .n. ^r. ^^ • 11.*' r;.'Jta"a) \N i.s >/.:'.. • • .. •' . *:-*pl IP ■■ii ■•- '. ' ■->•■• • s tl • ^ .'. '» ..^Ih .f I. . •- "••• '^:.jf ;. ; .«. •■Oi.f ; -sit. ; »^i«* ;■ '.?;t .»i ♦! <• * ver \^:^ ■»' n.e •.. " ♦ -.i •• » ■ the .»«-. ». » i u. \ ■• -»,,' -s «,' - .♦ . :v{ .^ <:: -.• r.r'- i ' ' DUNBLANE, PERTHSHIRE. Dunblane is supposed to have been origioally a cell of the earliest Christian clergy in Scotland ; it is certainly of very considerable antiquity, and became at length of such importance as to be erected into a bishopric. Its name is said to be derived from dun, an eminence or height, and St. Blane, the tutelary saint of the place. The cathedral was built by king David about the year 1142, and the see was probably founded by him at the same time. The greater part of this superb edifice is still standing, though it is principally unroofed, and in a gradual state of decay ; excepting the choir, which is kept in repair, and used as the parochial church. The length of the whole building is 816 feet, and its breadth seventy-six ; the height of the wall fifty feet, and of the tower 188. Some walls of the various offices and partiS of the bishop's palace are still visible, which demonstrate the buildings to have been elegant and extensive ; the whole site in its present state is impressively grand^ displaying a range of venerable and hoary ruin which is rarely to be seen. Within the choir are several of the chorister's oaken seats entire ; on these are carved an- tique and grotesque figures, among which may be traced Q OUNBLAMB. B retembUnce of cats, foxes, owls, and other creatures. At the west end are upwards of thirty prebenduies* stalls ; on the ri^ht side of the «ittraiice is the bishqp*s seaty on the left, that of the dean, hoth of oak, and most beautifully canred. In the centre of the choir bc- veral large blue stones still indicate the graves oi the bishops and dtans ; some c^ them were formerly tima- mented with plates of brass. Behind one of the modtfra seats is a niche, containing the figure of a bishop, as lu^ as life ; he is habited in pontificals, having the mitre oa his head. Under the cathedral are many sepukbral vaults. The families of Stirling, Keir, and Cfaisholm, the Drummonds of Cromlix and Strathallan, and many other houses of ancient name, have separate burial places in the cathedral. In the year 1608 Dr. Robert Leighton was eonse- trated bishop of Dunblane ; and a few years afterwards translated to the archbishopric of Glasgow. He be- queathed his valuable library for the use of the deigy and others of the diocese of Dunblane, with funds for its support. This library with its funds were put under the charge and direction of the right hon. the viscount of Strathallan, sir Hugh Paterson of Bannockbom, sir James Campbell of Aberuchill, John Graham, commis- sary clerk of Dunblane, and their heirs male, the minis- ter of Dunblane for the time being, and two other cler- gymen of the presbytery of Dunblane, chosen by the sy- nod of Perth and Stirling, Under the direction of these •^ ^k - ' - %p^^iPHjj| 1 ■I^^J* ^^^Hr ^^^^^^^^^^^■^t^ J^^^H^^^I^ ut^'' '/ill' liif^l ^^^^^1 ^ : 1 lill^^lV^^^^S^ IIUmm 1 i^^ft^^^Hf-v/^^Vi|^^^H^^^H|^^^?^^^^^^^H ^--^-A THE NEa' iORK PUBLIC LUKARY AtTOR, LENOX AN* TILOEN FOUN^AriONt. -MJNBLAMB. wanton, this libraiy has receiyed many additions, and in now a most valuable and useful collection. In the times of the bishops and dignified derj^y, their residehces were resorted to by the great families, as metropolitan cities now are. Of this Dunblane affords many examples, such as Mcntrose Jbodging, dec; but they are all by the waste of time now nearly demolished, excepting that of viscount Strathallan, which is still standing, and inhabited. This mansion shews, from its ancient and stately apartments, the dignity of its former owners ; it is only known by the name of " My Lord's House." The family of Strathallan, now represented by general Andrew Drummond, were proprietors of the fine estate of Cromlix, to which this house was attached. The principal proprietor of Dunblane is now Mr. Stiriing of Kippendavie, who liberally took the lead in a subscription appropriated not only for the preserva- tion of the remains of the cathedral in general, but more particularly for opening and glazing the magnificent east window of the choir, the beauties of which for many years remained unnoticed and unknown, from having been built up in the more barbarous ages with •tone and lime. The river Allan, upon the banks of which the vil- lage and cathedral of Dunblane are agreeably situated, affords a variety of fine specimens of beautiful and roman- tic scenery. This river rises in Gleneagles, in the parish of Blackford, on the northern side of the Ochills, about B2 DVIIBLANB. the dkunee of elcfea mik« from Dunblane. It ibonndi with Burn-troutt, and in some placet with pike ; salmon, filses, and sea trout, are also got daring the summer floods. The course of the river is rapid for several miles ; afterwards it flows in beautiful carves through wide and fertile meadows ; and in the last part of its ccrarse it is again rapid, its banks steep, mostly covered with wood, and boldly romantic, more particularly so near Kippenross, which has a walk branching from the Inn at Dunblane, considerably elevated above the banks of the river, and about a mile in length, being inclosed on either side with lull-grown beeches, and having its declivity adorned with a variety of lesser trees : this pleasant avenue terminates near the house of John Stirling, esq. of Kippendavie. Near this mansion, amidst the romantic beauties of the place, stands the largest sycamore tree to be found in Great Britain : the height of its trunk is thirteen feet, the circumference of the bottom twenty-seven, and at about six feet from the ground, which is its smallest girth, it measures eighteen feet ; at the ramifications of its branches its rojtund is thirty feet : one of its main limbs was blown away some time ago, the remaining five are of uncommon magnitude. From this tree to the bridge of Allan, a distance of two miles« there is a foot- path commanding a prospect, which in point of romantic and picturesque grandeur is scarcely to be exceeded* The river Allan ultimately falls into the Forth, a little above Stirling bridge. The classical reader will recoUcct^that OVNBLANE. the Scottish hard Burns has made the banks of the Allan the sufiject of one of his mostheautifdl songs. A few miles to the eastward of Dunblane is Demyet, which forms the south-west extremity of the Ochill hills; it rises 1345 feet in perpendicular height from the valley of the Forth. Its summit presents a yiew» which for beauty, richness, and extent, yields perhaps to none in the united kingdom, if it is surpassed by any in Europe. On the way from Dunblane to Demyet is the Sheriff Muir, where the battle of that name (sometimes called Dunblane) was fought in 1715 between the adherents of the house of Stewart under the earl of Marr, and the troops of George I. commanded by John, duke of Argyle. The right and left wings of each were defeated, but the superior generalship of the duke secured the victory to his majesty's arms. Some miles to the northward of Dunblane, and near the banks of the Allan towards its source, is the Roman camp at Ardoch, which being the most complete in Scotland is worthy of particular attention. Its situation gave it many advantages, being on the north-west side of a deep moss that runs a great way eastward. On the west side, it is partly defended by the steep bank of the water of Knaik, which bank rises perpendicularly be- tween forty and fifty feet. The north and east sides be- ing most exposed, very particular care was taken to de- fend them, independent of the regular lines of fortifica- tion. Here are no less than five parallel rows of ditches DONBLANB. perfectly entire, whereai on the west side there were only two rows of these ditches. The general's quarters, or pfistoriumf the roads and lines of commanication with a larger (but not so stiDngly fortified) camp, posts of observation, signal posts, &c. are still distinctly to be seen. Tbe whole of the lower part of the country along the Allan and the neighbouring rivers to the westward, in- cluding the Teath, the Forth, and their tributary streams, which flow through the districts of Monteath and Strathallan, rests on a beautiful exposure to the south, the spacious valley of the Forth above Stirling forming the base ; beyond which rises, with a bold and regular front, a range of hills stretching from Stirling to Dum- barton. The chain of the Ochills forms the eastern boundary of this district, whilst the back ground to tbe north and west is composed of the lofty and imposing features of the celebrated Alpine chain of mountains, called the Grampians, containing successively the peaks of Benvorlick, Benmore, Benlede, Benvenne, and Ben- lomond. In the centre of this grand amphitheatre is situated Doune castle, about three miles distant from Dunblane* The date of the construction of this ancient baronial fabric is unknown — tradition reports it to have been built by Murdoch, duke of Albany, who was executed on a hill within sight of it. It is very probable that the town Is coeval with tbe I *^, ...» .^♦.. > ,\ > .'i f<' \ ..' 1"- « castle; but wben the church at Doune was built i» the year 175d, there were very few bouses^ except some scat- tered huts ; since that period however the vacandes have been supplied with neat buildings covered with slate* The town consists of one street, of a commodious breadth, running from the bridge of Ardoch a considerable distance west, to a point where the roads from the bridge of Teath and Callender meet. On this point a very neat market- cross is erected, and passing the cross, the streets divide with the road, each division continuing to two bridges thrown across a small rivulet that runs south to the Teath — the three streets thus situated form exactly the letter Y. Nature has pointed out this spot as a place of strength, at least well suited to the art of war, in ancient times ; and it is more than probable that at a very early period.it was occupied by some fortification long before the present edifice was erected. This is the more likely, when it is considered that the present castle was built by one of the earls of Monteath ; at a time when Monteath was a lordship of regality, it is natural to pre- sume that the family would have called the edifice the castle of Monteath, after the lordship to which it belong- ed ; but having called it Doune, we may suppose that this was the ancient name of the spot whereon the build- ing was erected. For size and strength the castle exceeds most in Scotland, those of Edinburgh, Stirling, and Dumbar- ton excepted. The walls are about thirty feet high and WfMaiLMMM* tuk tUdc TIm toww Is on the oorUi-eMt tomtr, and what rtnuUns of it it about righty feet lufffa* but its sassy sise and thickness detraets greatly from its lofty appearance. The noitb-west comer was formerly the family residence. The quadrangle, each side of which is ninety-six feet, is inclosed by the strong wall alrea^ mentioned. The great gateway enters from the north ; its iron gate and bars are still entire. There are several eellars and prisons on the ground floor on each side of the entry. From the great area you ascend to the tower and north-west comer of the building by two suits of stairs, opposite to each other, which appear to have been once shaded by a roof supported with stone pillars, now in rains. The western stairs lead to a spacious lobby that divides the kitchen from the great hall. The hall is sixty-three fSeet long by twenty-five feet wide, and the roof appears to have been covered with stone ; but nothing now remains excepting the bare walls. The kitchen chimney extends the whole breadth of the room ; supported by a strong arch, still entire. The whole building on the western side bears the marks of ancient grandeur and magnifi- cence. The eastern stairs lead to the apartments in the tower. The first room is spacious, with an arched roof and a large chimney, containing a middle pillar. This room communicates with the great hall already described, «t the north-west corner^ and was probably the diniog I. ..V. [ •^.^• r-.-*^ « '1 J &(^'-^ DVMBLAMS* room ; this part df the building bein^ formerly the family residence. From the south-east corner Of the dining room a nar- row stone stur, descending by a subterraneous passage, leads to a cell or dungeon, under the north side of the room, into which no light is admitted but from a room above, through a small square hole in the arched roof of the dungeon, probably left for the purpose of preventing suflfbcation, and to let down the scanty pittance of the captive. Johnson relates, that a conspirator being de- tected in a design against the life of a chief (Macdonald), was taken to one of these dungeons in his castle, and ** when he was hungry they let down a plentiful meal of salted meat, and when, after his repast, he called for drink, conveyed to him a cup, which when he lifted the lid he found empty. From that time they visited him no more, but left him to perish in solitude and darkness." The first time a notice of Doune castle occurs in his- tory, is sir James Stewart of Beath being appointed con- stable thereof by James V. The son of sir James, in the year 1565, obtained a charter under the great seal of cer- tain lands, to be called the barony of Doune. He was a steady friend of queen Mary during the civil wars, when this castle was always a safe retreat to the loyalists. Before the abolition of hereditary offices, courts were held here in a room kept in repair for the purpose. In the rebellion in 1746 it was occupied by the re- bels, who planted a twelve-poonder in one of the windowi BumLANS; •ad Mvenl iwivels on the parapets: these gunm were brou^t from a merchant-ship which had fallen into their hands. On its being eyacoated by the rebels, an engi- neer nn sent down by government to survey the castk, with an intention to repair and fortify it, if capable of being made tenable. Bat it is probable be reported to the contrary, as it has been neglected and suffered to fail into ruin. It is now the property of the eari of Moray, who has lately repaired the wall to prevent further dila- pidation* This castle is beautifully and strongly situated on s mound, and is accessible on one side only. On two sides, it is surrounded by the river Teath. The character of the scenery connected with this river is now too generally known to require description. It is necessary only to mention that the whole of that scenery, which is immortalized by the poem of the Lady of the Lake, u upon this river, and its parent lakes, including Loch Catherine, Loch Achry, Loch Venachor, Glen Finglas, &g. on the one branch of the river, and Loch Lubnaig, the pass of Leny, &c. on the other. A third side of Doune castle is defended by the steep banks of the Ardoch, sometimes called the water of Kil- bryde, from the castle of that name, which is beautifully situated on a precipice that hangs over the stream, and which anciently was the baronial residence of the earii of Monteath, and now occupied by sir James Campbell of AberuchilU This stream rises from a lake called Loch DUN6LAN8. Maghaig, which is nearly circular, and about a mile in diameter. Tradition, as already observed, reports that the cas* tie of Doune was built by Murdoch, duke of Albany and earl of Monteath and Fife ; but however much we may be disposed to give credit to local tradition, yet the account of the life of that unfortunate nobleman leaves gpreat room to doubt how far it was possible for him to rear such.an edifice. Murdoch was the grandson of Robert, second king of Scotland ; his father was created earl of Monteath in the year 1S70, and in 1S98 duke of Albany : in 1406 he succeeded to the government, on the death of his brother Robert the third, and governed Scotland fifteen years. In the year 1401 Murdoch was taken prisoner by the Eng- lish at the battle of Honalden, and detained till exchanged for Percy in 1411 ; and on the 3d of September 1420, he succeeded his father in the government ; but being of a sluggish disposition, and scarce fit to manage his own family, he was obliged to resign the government in four years, and so could have neither the time nor judgment necessary for such a building as Doune castle. Perhaps it might be contrived by Murdoch's father, who was a man of a bold, enterprising spirit, generous and humane, and much esteemed by all ranks of people at home and abroad : but any account of the true date of the castle can amount only to probability. The misfortunes of Murdoch seem equal to his indo* lence } for after beinff priioaer in a foreign ooontiy tea yean, Im led a retired life until the death of hit father, whan he entered on his ihort reign of four yeara as re- ffent over Scotland, and soon became overwhelmed with the load of state allairs : liis resignation was suddenly followed by an accusation of high treason against him and bis two sons, Walter and Alexander, and Duncan, earl of Lennox, his father-in-law, who were seized and car- ried prisoners to Stirling ; Murdoch was tal^en betwixt Doune and Dumblane, at a small rivulet, which was therefore called Murdoch's ford, and it retains that name to this day. In the summer of I48S the prisoners were tried, condemned, and lieheaded on one of the Goven hills, to the north of Stirling castle, about half way from the castle to the bridge. Isabella, Murdoch's wife, being car- ried from Doune castle to the castle of TantaUan, in Lo- thian, the heads 'of her father, husband, and children were sent to her in the prison, to try if impatient of grief she would reveal the supposed treason, but her answer was noble and elevated: That if the crimes olgected were true, the king had done justly and according to law. Murdoch, his lady, and two sons, are entombed in their family burial place, in the small island of the Loch of Afonteatb. THE KEVv YORK PU2LIC LI jKARY WTOR, LfNOX AND VLDEH FOUNOAHON*, KBEiSO, KSLSO it a eoAsldetaUft town pkatantly situated. at the confluence, of tbe rivers Teviot and Tweed, on an eateai* sive pkun, bounded on e^ry side by rising gvounda^ dothed with wood, which toroL & beautiful amphitJw-' atie. The town is built in the Flemish s^yhs, with. & lai^e squave and six streets verging to it as a centre. Iia the square stiinds the tewn-hoi^se, with the principalf houses and shops. The parish churck and episcopsl chapel ad^ mn^h to the beauty of the town. The bridge, which was built in 1766^ was, a few years, since^ eanied away by a flood : it has sinoe been handsoroel^ft lebuik. The town of Kelso, viewed from tiie bridge, exhi* bits so much of the picturesque and elegapt as to excite tbe admiration of every speotatop. Among other, inte* resting olgects, appears the nMjestic ruins of the an- cient abbey, Cadnam House, and, at no great distance^ the lofty building of Flewrs. In the extreme distance, upon a rising ground to the left, may be seen the ruins of Roxburgh castle. Great part of the abbey of Kelso still remains, and exhibits a venerable monument of that taste for magnificence which prevailed in former times. Tbe KBL80. limplidty of thii ruin is much destroyed by the addition of an aisle built in the last century, for the accommo- dation of the family of Roxbargh, when part of the building was used as the parish church. This uncouth modem addition entirely shuts up one large arch and the half of another, besides seven smaller ones above. The monasteiy of Kelso was one of the six in Scot- land of the order of the Tyronenses. The original foun- dation was settled at Selkirk, by David I. then eari of Cumberland : it was dedicated to the Virgin Mary and St. John the Evangelist. It was afterwards removed to Roxburgh, and thence to Kelso, where this magnificent pile was erected by king David I. at the persuasion of the bishop of Glasgow and other religious nobles. It has not, like most of the Gothic buildings, any minute- ness of ornament, but has a tendency, by its plainness and magnitude, to inspire the mind with an idea of the grand and sublime, rather than the pleasing and beau« tifnl. The abbacy at present belongs to the duke of Rox- burgh, whose ancestor, sir Robert Ker, of Cessford, obtained it from king James VI. in the year 1GQ5, upon the forfeiture of Francis earl of Bothwell, admiral of Scotland. THE i\L.'vy YORK PJ^iLICLIiRARY WT. >«?. LFNCOf ANT vii'iilfli'^i'lliicfil »;» ill • > .. 't •■ ■ A.J !«cy n.r t . - • »,« • '• ) J' :•. ',- . •."•• t. • » ... ?■' ■».?'•• ■ lU'I * • . u i;; . « .Utf. >t ie:-.u.'> r.'l>; »- 1- had ;0. 5792cSV JBDBUUGH ABBEY, ROXBURGHSHIRE, Tfti9 Abbey was founded hy David I. Idng of Scot- land,' in what yeair of his reign ns not known. Thi^ kisl^tion was for canons brougiit f^om Beaurais, in France; and as Osbert, thefirst abbot,, died in the year iniy it is likely to have been established by the king not many years preceding. From tiie situation ol. this Abbey on tlie borders, it «was' exposed to the incur- sions of the Eng^shy firom which cause it at last be- came unable to maintain the religious of its own house ; and Edwardl. issued orders for the removal of some of them until the house should -be repaired, and its income increased. To this Abbey the oells or sub-priories ol Reste-rnote and Canonby ifere attached, the former ftitu- ated about' a mile from Forfar, the latter in Eskdale. • Uponthe suppression of Jedburgh Abbey, the l^indc were conveite;! into a temporal lordship, being conform led by king James VI. on sir Andrew Ker, from whom* is descended the ^present marquis of Lothain. The pa- tent by which he was created lord Jedburgh bears date the 20th of February lOSS ; but he had long before been the favourite, of that monarch, being, in 1591, one of the ^ntlemen of his privy chamber. 5792cSV IBDBUROU ABBBY. The ewtem ptrt of the churcli is totally iu num : the west end has one of its door-ways, wHh semicircular arches, more than usually oniameuled. This front of the Abbey is of oonnderable loiftiness, and has, in Qie upper compartment, a oircolar rttdiastfed window of cor- respondinif woikmanship with the door. The church exhibits, throngjhoat its wliole lei^^ in the upper put, a range of small pointed arches, which eonvey to the eye a lightness and beauty aeMom ^observable, and lesider this building uni^e in that le* •apect. The north transoept has a handsome window, iHth its ramifications still perfe